| The rapid transportation and the advancement of information technology have promoted the development of economic globalization and deepened the social and economic and trade relations among the countries in the world,thus making the phenomenon of international population migration increasingly prominent in the globalization process.Among them,the phenomenon of international migration of Chinese not only has a long history,but also the important position of Chinese immigrants in the world immigration system is increasing.However,most of the current studies on international migration of Chinese people focus on its history,changes in scale and political,economic and cultural impacts on China or the countries of immigration The research scale is also based on a country or a region,the research scale is relatively small.For the study of the spatial pattern of international migration of Chinese,in terms of data sources,most of the data are estimated or the population migration stock data released by the United Nations population division,while less are used to examine the trend of international migration of Chinese,therefore,it is difficult to accurately depict the relationship and dynamic evolution of population migration between Chinese and other countries in the world,there is a lack of a geographical perspective on the evolution of the spatial pattern of the international migration of Chinese.In addition,most of the relevant studies have analyzed the factors that influence the destination choice of Chinese international migration from a qualitative perspective,while the Quantitative analysis studies are relatively insufficient.But what shape will the spatial pattern of China's international migration take in the new era,especially with the Belt and Road initiative and China's further integration into the world? How to analyze systematically and quantitatively the importance and changing characteristics of various influencing factors in the choice of destination of Chinese International Migration? Based on this,this paper analyzes the spatial pattern evolution of the international migration of the Chinese mainland Chinese since 1990 from the perspective of geography,and from the perspective of the countries of immigration,the gravity model was used to analyze the dominant factors and gravitational effects on the Chinese mainland migration in different countries,it is of significance to judge the spatial distribution trend of the international migration of the Chinese mainland Chinese and the differentiation characteristics of the dominant factors in the choice of destination,and to provide references and suggestions for the formulation of China's population migration policy in the future.In this paper,the scale of the Chinese Chinese mainland migration in 197 countries and regions is selected as the research object,and the spatial visualization methods such as Arcmap,chord map and so on are used to express the scale of the Chinese migration in 1990-1995,1995-2000,2000-2005,2005-2010 and 2010-2015,to examine the scale and status of international migration of Chinese mainland Chinese in the world migration network since 1990,as well as the evolution characteristics of the overall spatial pattern;By using "the proportion of Chinese Chinese mainland in the immigration scale" and "the proportion of Chinese immigrants in the immigration scale of the countries(regions)",this paper studies the spatial pattern evolution of Chinese Chinese mainland on the national scale,then,we divide the types of the countries of immigration by K-means clustering,and construct an index system from five aspects: economy,society,population,culture and spatial accessibility,using the modified gravity model and PSCE,the effects of various factors on the destination selection of the international migration of Chinese Chinese mainland were investigated,and to investigate whether there are different characteristics of the influencing factors in different time periods and different types of countries of immigration.The results show that the scale of Chinese emigration from the Chinese mainland is relatively large in terms of quantity and scale,and can be basically divided into two stages in time,that is,the scale of Chinese emigration before 2000 and after 2000,the scale of Chinese emigration before 2000 is relatively small,after 2000,the scale of Chinese emigration has exploded.The position of the Chinese mainland Chinese emigration scale in the world immigration system can be divided into two major stages by 2005,and the proportion of the Chinese mainland Chinese emigration scale in the world immigration system increased rapidly before 2005,since 2005,the rate of emigration of Chinese mainland Chinese has slowed as a share of the world's immigration system.From the perspective of spatial distribution pattern,the international migration of the Chinese mainland Chinese shows a trend of dispersion and concentration coexisting in the overall spatial pattern,that is,the vast majority of the Chinese mainland Chinese immigrants are concentrated in a few countries(regions),moreover,the fluctuation of spatial clustering characteristics is small and relatively stable.In terms of the trend of intercontinental distribution,the proportion of Chinese immigrants from North America,Asia,Europe and Oceania has been relatively high in the five periods,and the number of Chinese immigrants from Chinese mainland has been relatively high,but in recent years,East Asia has been gaining ground in the choice of destination for Chinese migration to Chinese mainland,while Southeast Asia,traditionally a destination for Chinese migration,has been losing ground.On the national level,the distribution of the Chinese mainland Chinese moving into the destination countries shows the characteristics of "large concentration and small dispersion" in space,mainly concentrated in the United States,Japan,South Korea,Australia,Canada and other countries,australia,Canada,and Singapore are among the countries that have seen a decline in their status as destinations for the Chinese mainland.Based on the proportion of immigration,we can divide the Chinese mainland Chinese immigration countries into three types: "fluctuating immigration countries","stable immigration countries" and "potential immigration countries".Countries with a high proportion of Chinese mainland immigrants to the total number of immigrants have significant spatial proximity with China in terms of spatial distribution.Based on the proportion of Chinese immigrants,the countries of immigration can also be divided into three types,and the connotation of each type of countries of immigration is significantly different from that of the previous classification,that is,there is a significant mismatch between countries with a high proportion of Chinese mainland and countries with a high proportion of Chinese mainland.According to the results of regression analysis,there are some differences in the main factors that influence the choice of international migration destination of Chinese mainland Chinese in general,in different periods and in different types of migration.On the whole,the GDP,immigration network and social development of the countries of destination of the international migration of the Chinese Chinese mainland significantly affect the decision making choices of the countries of destination,at the same time,the status of cultural similarity and spatial accessibility in immigration decision-making should not be underestimated,that is,the international migration of mainland Chinese is the result of the superposition of hierarchical diffusion and contact diffusion.From the perspective of different time periods,the leading factors of the international migration of mainland Chinese are different in different periods,and the spatial distance and economic factors are gradually weakened in the choice of destination of Chinese immigrants,with the rapid development of China's economy and the narrowing of the gap between China and the world's major countries in terms of GDP,the level of social development and the degree of social governance are becoming more attractive to Chinese immigrants.From the point of view of the different types of immigration countries,the two kinds of immigration countries with large scale of Chinese immigration have broken the limitation of geographical scope,and take economic factors and social development as the leading factors affecting Chinese immigration To a certain extent,the main attraction factors of the relatively small-scale potential immigration countries to mainland Chinese are still limited by cultural proximity and population factors. |
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