Research On The Evaluation Framework, Test Questions And Application Of Scientific Practice In NAEP In The United States

In the era of large-scale academic quality assessments in various countries,the quality monitoring of basic education in China is in its infancy.At the same time,the quality monitoring system of science education in high schools in China has not yet been established.Our mature reference objects,meanwhile,the scientific practice involved in NAEP,which has emerged to reverse the pattern of scientific inquiry,is becoming the main theme of science education.Therefore,this research studies the framework and test questions of scientific practice assessment in NAEP in the United States,and draws on relevant experience to introduce scientific practice factors into biological assessment in China,in order to fill some research gaps in NAEP and scientific practice in China and help the reversal of the model of scientific inquiry education in China,and some preliminary research and attempts for the establishment of the quality monitoring system of science education in high schools in China.Based on the above research purpose and significance,the path and conclusions of this research are as follows:First,by studying the framework of scientific practice evaluation in NAEP in the United States,learn about the relevant theories of test questions.These include the elements of scientific practice,the cognitive needs of the assessment,the biological content on which the assessment is based,the assessment methods,and the preparation of the assessment questions.It mainly answers the question "What is scientific practice measured in NAEP in the United States",that is identifying scientific principles,using scientific principles,applying scientific inquiry,applying technical design,and other related content,including Cognitive requirements "knowing That,knowing How,know Why,know When and Where to apply knowledge";assessment methods including"paper and pencil assessment,hands-on tasks,interactive computer tasks";organization and development,material and energy conversion on which the assessment relies and other biological content;there is an iterative route of the proposition test questions such as "development expectation performance,raising cognitive requirements,developing test questions,etc."Second,learn about the characteristics of propositions by studying scientific practice assessment questions in the 12th grade biology field of NAEP in the United States.This research has conducted in-depth analysis on its question types,information presentation forms,scenarios,question and option setting characteristics,and scoring methods.It mainly answers the question "How is scientific practice measured in NAEP in the United States",that is three types of questions,including selected response,constructed response,item clusters,are used in the 12th grade test questions with 20%,40%,30%,and 10%respectively.Proportional examination identifies scientific principles,uses scientific principles,applies scientific inquiry,and applies technical design.Its information presentation forms and scenario types are diverse,based on the principles of simplicity,efficiency,and relevance.In addition,the question and answer questions are scored using a two-digit coding method.Third,by studying the theory of compiling test questions for scientific practice in the field of high school biology,it has laid a solid theoretical foundation for the test system.This study is based on the principles of preparation of test questions,the basis of preparation,the contents of scientific practice,and the process of preparing test questions.It uses some of the biological content of the "Genetics and Evolution"module to intersect with the factors of scientific practice to form some performance expectations.The two-way detailed list of test questions makes ample preparations for the development of subsequent test questions,and theoretically answers the question of"how to incorporate scientific practice factors into high school biology assessment".Fourth,by developing scientific practice evaluation questions in the field of high school biology,the question of "how to incorporate scientific practice factors into high school biology evaluation" is answered on a practical level.In this study,the test questions were made according to specific performance expectations and a bidirectional schedule.The test questions were revised based on the results of the two rounds of testing and the Rasch model analysis of the evaluation data.Finally,good quality test questions were obtained.This research has conducted a comprehensive discussion on the compilation theory of scientific practice assessment questions in the United States NAEP,the main characteristics of the scientific practice assessment questions in the NAEP,and the feasibility of introducing scientific practice factors in the biological assessment.Rethinking the innovations and deficiencies in the research,follow-up researchers can conduct more in-depth research based on it.