| “Shadow education” which is also known as “cram school” has been a heated and widely discussed issue nowadays.The “shadow education” refers to the kind of education that students participate in outside school place but closely related to the mainstream school education.Because it is independent of the formal school but closely related to it,it is called “shadow education”,which is the same as the relationship between the shadow and its ontology.The formats of “shadow education” vary from regions to regions,but in China,the format of educational institution and the private tutor are the most common types.The existence of the “shadow education” adapts to the development of the whole education and enriches the education formats.It aims to better meet the students' need and desire for education.Among all the students who are receiving the “shadow education”,due to the huge pressure of high school and college entrance examinations,the demand for junior 3 and senior 3 students is much greater than other grades.In order to get higher scores in the exams,nearly all the grade 9 students in this school have attended or are attending the shadow education.However,the market of the shadow education is chaotic.Though it's common that there are huge number of educational institutions at every corner and it's easy to hire a private tutor,it's difficult for the students and their parents to identify whether they are qualified or not,besides,the educational products are assorted,we have enormous e-books,textbooks and e-products,and more others.Though all of the products are designed to better serve the students,it actually put on the burden on the students to choose a just proper one,and the supervision of the teachers who work in the “shadow education” is also hard for the students and their parents who can't know the true identity of the “teachers”.So it is a problem that needs to be timely and reasonably resolved that how to make the“shadow education” operate more standardized and regularly.The study was conducted in the form of questionnaire survey and online chatting taking the grade 9 students of Chengdu Long Quan Da Mian Middle School as the research objects and adopted a qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis method via distributing250 questionnaires in the grade 9 students of the school to know their situation in the“shadow education” and conducting online interviews with some students and parents who are participating in the “shadow education” to know their current situation in the participation of the “shadow education”.This study aimed to address the following three questions based on the understanding of shadow education and previous researches:1:What is the situation of the shadow education of the grade 9 students in the school ?2:What are the pros and cons of attending the shadow education for the grade 9students ?3:In what way can the shadow education be more formally regulated ?This thesis takes the grade 9 students of the Chengdu Longquan Da Mian middle school as an example to investigate the current situation of shadow education.Through the research results,this thesis analyzes the current situation of shadow education market in the school of Chengdu city and finds out the existing problems in the market of shadow education.The methodology adopted in this thesis are the qualitative and quantitative analysis,and software like SPSS and the Excel are used to do related test to analyze the data.Through the analysis I researched the format and current situation of shadow education of the grade 9 students and the reasons for them to choose to participate in different forms of shadow education as well as the pros and cons of their attending in the shadow education.Besides,I also conducted a satisfaction survey of the shadow education they participated in to understand their gains and evaluation of the shadow education and found out whether the shadow education has a positive impact on the high school entrance examination of the grade 9 students.The results of the research survey show that the number of grade 9students in shadow education is high,nearly all the whole grade 9 students have attended the shadow education or are in shadow education right now.Among the 250 questionnaires,we collected 219 valid questionnaires and among the 219 students,186 of them are participating in the “shadow education",in which 98 of them are the boys and the other 88 are girls.But the formats,motives,reasons,pros and cons of participating in shadow education for each student vary from each other.Then the most two popular subjects that students take in the shadow education are the Math and English and most of the students will spend 1-2 hours on English learning everyday accounting for 40.32%,besides,by analyzing the pre-test and the post-test scores of the Math and English in the type of educational institution and one-to-one we find that though students in both of the types have improved their scores,students who take the type of educational institutions make more improvement than those who take the one-to-one type and the improvement of Math subject is higher than the English subject,what's more,the better the students grades are,the more willing they will choose the one-to-one type.As far as the research conclusions of the advantages and disadvantages are concerned,through the data analysis,I conclude thatevery type of the shadow education shares the same advantage of the improvement of academic performance and better preparation for the high school entrance examination,but the biggest advantage of each form are different.The biggest advantage of the educational institution is to reduce the pressure for the parents;the biggest advantage of the one-to-one private tutoring is to improve the academic performance;the biggest advantage of the inservice teachers is the improvement of the learning skills and the biggest advantage of the online learning is the broaden of the knowledge;besides,the advantages of the type of choosing parents as home tutors are not obvious.According to data analysis,the expected value of choosing parents as home tutor is less than 2.5,indicating that the positive effect of it is not obvious.Through the study of the shortcomings of shadow education,it is found that the disadvantages of the grade 9 students participating in shadow education include that it reduces their physical exercise time and social time with their friends and it increases the burden of their family and learning.And the biggest disadvantage among them is the reduction of their physical exercise time,which shows that middle school students are paying more and more attention to their physical health.The findings and conclusions of this thesis present the current situation of the grade 9students participating in shadow education comprehensively,and it focuses on the research on the pros and cons of the shadow education.It is hoped that readers can compare the shadow education in other regions of China and other countries in the world and combine the shadow education status in each region to further provide more available methods for the improvement of the shadow education and better help the participants in shadow education accomplish their motives. |
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