A Study On The Reform And Motivation Of College Entrance Examination In Japan Since The 1990s

With the increasingly obvious trend of economic globalization,the scope and field of competition between countries are also expanding,in which higher education represents the development level of national education to a certain extent.it continuously transports talents for national construction,economic development and social progress,while the orderly development of higher education and the realization of training goals are inseparable from the promotion and grasp of the college entrance examination.Since World War II,the Japanese college entrance examination has gradually explored a way to combine the unified examination with the independent enrollment examination,which has attracted wide attention in the international community.How does the Japanese college entrance examination adhere to the basic core of the previous reforms and seek innovation at the same time,among which the reform motives behind the reform of the college entrance examination in Japan have played a key role,and what is the relationship between these motivations? and how to correctly understand the motivation of these reforms is worthy of our study and reflection.This study chooses Japan,where the college entrance examination mode is the combination of unified examination and independent enrollment examination,as the research object,and focuses on the motivation of the reform of the college entrance examination in Japan since the 1990 s,in order to clarify the changes of the specific content in the process of the reform of the college entrance examination in Japan.this paper examines the specific implementation of universities under the background of college entrance examination reform,and finally analyzes the characteristics and motivation of Japanese college entrance examination reform since the 1990 s.This study mainly uses the method of literature analysis to collect the policy documents of the reform of the college entrance examination in Japan through the official website of the Japanese government and the official website of the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture,Science and Technology,and by consulting the contents of the college entrance examination in the official website of the case university.this paper analyzes the reform content of Japanese college entrance examination and the implementation of universities,and on this basis,the relevant research literature is collected to make an in-depth analysis of the motivation of the reform of the college entrance examination in Japan.The study found that through the content of the reform of the college entrance examination in Japan and the implementation of the university enrollment examination since the 1990 s,the reform of the college entrance examination in Japan has the following characteristics: first,the specialization of examination institutions;second,the unremitting pursuit of fairness and efficiency of the examination;third,the complementary advantages of unified examination and independent enrollment examination;fourth,the interactive development of national public and private university enrollment examination.Through the vertical investigation and horizontal comparison of the motivation of the reform of the college entrance examination in Japan since the 1990 s,it is found that the reform of the college entrance examination in Japan is carried out and implemented under the "coordination" of the economic motivation as the basic role,the educational motivation of the internal driving role,the social motivation of the inducement conditions and the political motivation of the guarantee function,and the reform motives are balanced and mutually dependent on each other.The orientation and function of the relationship between the reform motives have a profound impact on the implementation process and effectiveness of the college entrance examination reform,and its comprehensive and coordinated development can form a strong joint force of reform and promote the steady development and improvement of the college entrance examination reform.Therefore,it is very important to understand the deep path of the reform of college entrance examination in Japan to study the relationship between the motivation and the mode of action of the reform of college entrance examination in Japan.