A Study On The Effect Of Shadow Education On Academic Performance

Nowadays,shadow education,as a supplementary form of school education,has become a hot topic,affecting countless students,parents and teachers.The junior middle school is the end of nine-year compulsory education.The students who have achieved excellent results in the middle school entrance examination can smoothly enter the senior high school to accumulate high-quality human capital,while the losers only enter the vocational high school to learn professional technology or enter the society early.In order to enter high school successfully with excellent results,and obtain admission tickets to key universities,shadow education has become a means for parents and children to improve their academic performance through targeted examination training.However,can shadow education really improve students' academic performance? Does it have different influence on students with different learning bases? How does shadow education affect parents and schools? There is no unified conclusion about these problems in people's cognition or in the previous literature.Therefore,this paper will explore the above problems through the combination of empirical analysis and interview analysis.In the aspect of empirical analysis,this paper uses the data of 2014-2015 China Education panel survey(CEPS)to analyze.On the basis of descriptive analysis and learning from Hanushek's classic education production function,this paper selects the characteristic variables from the three levels: students' individual,family and school,solves the endogenous problems of the model by using the method of tendency value matching,and finds that participating in shadow education can improve the academic achievement of senior students.Furthermore,this paper divides the students into two groups: those who pass the examination and those who fail the examination.The empirical results show that participating in tutoring does not improve the learning performance of all graded students.Shadow education has a significant positive effect on the sample group of unqualified students,but the impact of participating in shadow education has no effect on the sample group of students who pass the exam.That is,students with poor academic performance have greater room for improvement,and it is easier to improve through shadow education,narrow the gap with students,and achieve the effect of "making up the difference",while shadow education is difficult to significantly improve the learning performanceof students who pass the examination.In addition,on the basis of empirical research,this paper further interviews three groups of students,parents and teachers.The results show that the impact of shadow education on students' academic performance varies from person to person.For some students,they have a good learning attitude.Through shadow education,they have increased their academic knowledge,gained the corresponding examination skills,increased their self-confidence in learning,and achieved the effect of "cultivating excellent students" or " compensating for poor students".For other students,they are forced to take part in shadow education,and they feel dissatisfied and disgusted.And shadow education occupies a small number of rest time,which causes them too much burden,and then has a negative impact on students' academic performance.At the same time,the effect of shadow education in different subjects is also different.It is easier to show a positive effect on mathematics,science and other subjects that are easy to be divided,while shadow education has little effect on subjects like Chinese that need to be accumulated for a long time.Finally,on the basis of human capital theory,screening hypothesis theory and social stratification theory,this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions to students,parents,schools and governments---students should correct their learning attitude,treat shadow education rationally,communicate with parents and teachers more,and keep a positive and optimistic attitude;parents should take a rational view of shadow education,and choose high-quality extra-curricular classes when necessary and communicate with their children more to establish a scientific and effective educational concept;in order to provide better education services for students,schools should improve the professional quality of teachers,strengthen teacher morality,rational examine the relationship with shadow education,strengthen communication between teachers and students;the government should regulate the shadow education market,guide the shadow education to develop in the right direction,reasonably allocate education resources and appropriately give priority to the education of vulnerable groups.