The Application Of Diary In The Teaching Of Historical Materials In Middle School

In 2017,the latest history curriculum standards formulated by the Ministry of Education take the cultivation of core literacy as the direction of the next stage of historical materials teaching,emphasizing that the teaching of historical materials in which students independently comb,examine and interpret historical materials will also usher in a new stage of great development.However,there are many deficiencies in the practice of teaching historical materials,and they cannot properly and adequately exert the value of historical materials.At present,the development of diary historical materials has become a hot topic in academic circles.Diary is a kind of historical material suitable for middle school history teaching because it has high authenticity and readability.Therefore,this paper intends to take Chiang Kai-shek's diary as an example to explore the paradigm of processing diary historical materials,so as to make the teaching of historical materials more consistent with the new goal of cultivating students' core literacy of history subject proposed by the new curriculum standard while giving full play to the characteristic function of diary historical materials.In this paper,the literature research method and case analysis method are used to review the literature materials and further explore on the basis of sorting out the academic research results.Then,from the perspective of implementing the core quality,three teaching cases of historical materials are designed:"The peaceful settlement of the Xi 'an Incident and the role of the Communist Party of China in promoting the anti-Japanese national united front","The central role of the Communist Party of China in the anti-Japanese national unity and anti-Japanese war",and "The reasons for the fall of the Kuomintang regime from the reform of the Golden Coupon".Finally,taking the use of Chiang Kai-shek's diary as an example,the paper explains and summarizes the function orientation and application mode of the diary historical materials in the teaching of historical materials.From the practice of three teaching cases,the author finds that diary historical materials can play a unique role in the cultivation of five core qualities.In the cultivation of the concept of time and space,the diary,because of the real-time record,has a strong sense of "present",which is suitable for the presentation of historical time and space.When cultivating the accomplishment of "empirical evidence of historical materials",teachers can flexibly use diary historical materials to carry out the exploration activities of distinguishing the authenticity and value of historical materials.Secondly,teachers can also guide students to dig the diary information,based on which to put forward their own opinions.Thirdly,teachers can guide students to read and verify the diaries or other historical materials of different parties to enrich their cognition.When cultivating the accomplishment of "historical interpretation",teachers can use the diary to guide students to rewalk the historical road and form a profound interpretation of history.Students can also choose historical interpretation which is different from the view of the diary owner,and guide them to make differentiation of multiple explanations.When cultivating"historical materialism",teachers can guide students to explore the inner imbrognation and multi-facet character of the author in the diary,and evaluate historical figures with dialectical method and viewpoint of development and change.When cultivating the accomplishment of "national feelings",the patriotic feelings naturally revealed by the master in the diary are more appealing than objective historical materials.At the same time,we should follow the principles of authenticity,appropriateness and completeness.