Research On Model Construction Thinking Of Physical Calculation Questions In College Entrance Examination

Since the promulgation of Ordinary Senior High School Physics Curriculum Standards(2017 Edition)(hereinafter referred to “Curriculum Standard(2017th edition)”),the core literacy of physics has become the focus of attention of the physics educators and researchers.The research on model construction thinking has shown an upward trend year by year as it is an essential element of scientific thinking and the core literacy.Model construction thinking refers to the thinking activities in which students extracting structural elements,selecting basic scientific models they have learned,and constructing corresponding physical models when they solve physical problems.Surveying and evaluating the current situation of high school students' model construction thinking and propose measures to effectively cultivate it is a key issue in middle school physics teaching.As a nationwide selective examination,Nationwide Unified Examination for Admissions to General Universities and Colleges(hereinafter referred to the“the College Entrance Examination”)is not only an important tool of assessing students' academic quality but also an important guideline for high school teaching.Calculation question is one of the three major question types(multiple-choice questions,experimental questions,and calculation questions)in the college entrance examination of physics.The content of calculation question is comprehensive as well as can intuitively reflect the student's problem solving thinking.Therefore,clarifying the level and requirements of the model construction thinking in calculation questions in the physics College Entrance Examination has important guiding significance,not only for cultivating the scientific thinking of high school students but also promoting the teaching of physics.This research is based on SOLO Taxonomy,using literature analysis method,content analysis method and statistical analysis method to analyze the Gaokao Assessment Framework and the academic quality standards in curriculum standards(2017th edition),and summarize the model construction thinking standards of the calculation questions on the examination.The standard divides the model construction thinking of calculation questions into the following five levels: unistructural(U),which means that the physical model required to solve a physics problem needs a single scientific model;multistructural(M),which means that the required physical models are multiple independent scientific models;Relational one(R1),which means that the required physical model needs to be constructed using multiple basic scientific models;Relational two(R2),which means that the constructed physical model needs to excavate potential scientific models or interrelationships;Extended abstract(E),which means that the constructed physical model needs further extension application.These five levels of calculation questions have progressively increasing requirements for model construction thinking.According to the five levels,this study analyzed the physical calculation questions of the Science Papers in the 2013-2020 National College Entrance Examination,and distinguish the level of model construction thinking examined.The statistical result shows that,most calculation questions designed to assess relational one(R1),mostly in the question 24 in the compulsory part and question 33 and 35 in the optional part.The next is multistructural(M),mostly in the question 33 and 34 in the optional part.Relational two(R2)and extended abstract(E)are mostly examined in the question 25 in the compulsory part.Up to now,there are no whole calculation questions assess the unistructural structure level(U).Taking the year of the test paper as an independent variable,analyze the questions and model construction thinking level examined each year to get the evolution characteristics of the model construction level.The evolution characteristics are as follows: from 2013 to 2015(before the implementation of the national examination paper III),the overall level of model construction thinking of the national examination paper I was higher than that of the national examination paper II.From 2016 to 2017(after the implementation of the national examination paper III),the overall model construction thinking level of national examination paper I always higher than that of the paper II,the level of paper III was lower than that of the paper I and II in 2016,and it was higher than that of the paper I and II in 2017.From 2018 to2020(after the promulgation of the Curriculum Standard 2017 th edition),the overall level of the national examination paper II was the highest.In 2018 and 2019,the model construction thinking level of national examination paper III was the lowest,while in 2020 turn to the paper I.Since different province used different version of national examination paper,taking the types of papers(Paper I,Paper II,and Paper III)that be used as independent variables to analyze the data of the question-year-model construction thinking level to obtain the regional characteristics of the model construction level.The regional characteristics are as follows: the overall level of model construction thinking in calculation questions of the national examination paper I tends to assess relational one(R1)in the past 8 years.From 2013 to 2017,the overall level of the paper II also tends to assess relational one(R1).After the promulgation of the Curriculum Standard(2017th edition),the requirement of national examination paper II become higher.It tends to assess relational two(R2).The overall level of the paper III tends to assess relational one(R1)in the past 5 years.Based on the above results,corresponding suggestions can put forward as follows: firstly,focus on construct framework of the overall knowledge system;secondly,cultivate students' higher-level model construction thinking;thirdly,conduct differentiated teaching for students of different thinking levels;fourthly,suggestions for the new college entrance examination model.