The Diversity And Evolution Of The Subject Distribution In China And Foreign Top Universities

Under the background of double first-class universities and discipline construction,many domestic universities fall into the strange circle of stronger and stronger strong disciplines and weaker and weaker weak disciplines.How to build the discipline ecosystem in Colleges and universities to make the discipline sustainable development has become a difficult problem.This paper discusses the discipline distribution and evolution of first-class universities at home and abroad.Through quantitative analysis of the richness,balance,difference and diversity of discipline distribution at home and abroad,we can evaluate the discipline distribution structure of domestic and foreign universities.Based on the evolution and trend of university discipline diversity index in recent ten years,this paper analyzes the reasons and laws behind it.To provide theoretical basis and support for the construction of universities and disciplines.The research objects of this paper are the top 10 QS foreign universities,domestic C9 universities and Dalian University of technology.This paper selects the literature data of wos core collection from 2010 to 2019 in recent 10 years.Through the output of scientific research papers and the category of WC disciplines,it is directly used as the basis of the distribution of disciplines in Colleges and universities.Through Shannon information entropy,Gini Simpson coefficient and Rao-Stirling diversity algorithm,the subject distribution and subject diversity of universities are calculated.The diversity measurement method is composed of three dimensions: richness,balance and difference.The results show that in the period of 2019,there are three modes of Discipline Distribution in universities:(1)Balanced symbiotic distribution: representative universities include Harvard University,University College London,Tsinghua University,Fudan University,etc;(2)Dominant distribution: representative universities include Caltech and Dalian University of technology;(3)Multiple integration distribution: representative universities include University of Chicago,Oxford University,Cambridge University,Zhejiang University,Peking University,etc.In addition,this paper further analyzes the evolution of university discipline layout from the time dimension.From 2010 to 2019,regardless of domestic and foreign universities,the number of discipline output is increasing,and the coverage of research fields is wider and wider,especially the number of discipline fields in domestic universities is growing faster.Top universities in foreign countries pay more attention to the development of interdisciplinary,which is widely distributed in the field of disciplines.Foreign research universities cooperate with science and engineering disciplines,and carry out interdisciplinary cooperation and cross integration,while the research results of comprehensive general universities are more evenly distributed in various research fields.Although domestic colleges and universities pay attention to the development of discipline differentiation,there are large differences and fluctuations,which reflects the unclear positioning of running a school.Therefore,further exploration is needed in the diversified layout.