Research On Historical Development And Institutional Design Of Academic Guidance In American Universities

Nowadays,higher education has gradually developed from the massification to popularization.China 's college student population is complex and diverse,and students are facing increasing academic problems and learning needs.Therefore,China has also begun to attach importance to the academic guidance of students,improve student learning capabilities and improve the quality of talent training to provide an army of outstanding talents for China's social development.However,China's academic guidance starts late with the incomplete guidance system and the guidance for students lacks more professionalism.The academic guidance of American colleges and universities originally originates from the British tutoring system at the time of the colony.After more than 150 years of development,it has been a highly specialized system.The institutional system is relatively complete with corresponding institutional guarantees and it has a high level of overall development.China's colleges and universities can have more experience to learn from it.The paper attempts to explore the historical evolution of academic guidance in American universities with three periods: embryonic period,formation period and mature period.Then the paper analyzes the relevant content of the design of academic guidance system in American universities,including the target,specific guidance content,guidance staff,organization,and evaluation of academic guidance.By analyzing the relevant content of the current academic guidance system design,it finds that it has formed its own unique characteristics.The 21 st century is an era of knowledge explosion and technological intelligence.The United States has undergone new changes in academic guidance in the new period to meet the needs of social development.Academic guidance has changed accordingly with new ideas,content and forms of training for undergraduates have emerged.Future academic guidance in the United States will continue to advance,and the content of academic guidance will be more abundant,focusing on the guidance and training of interdisciplinary,innovative and leadership talents;the guidance means will be more scientific to achieve precise guidance by using big data,cloud,etc.to integrate the difficult issues and needs.the academic guidance institution system is more complete,and the "2 + x" system has become an important part of college guidance.Through the analysis of the historical development of American academic guidance,the current characteristics of institutional design and the future development and changes,we can find that the academic guidance of American universities has always adhered to the high-quality requirements of talent training,closely follows the needs of social and market development and continues to provide students with suitable developmental space.It really starts from the students and serves the students.From this point of view,the academic guidance of Chinese colleges and universities should also truly come to "a revolution of academic guidance" in the local environment of China.