Study On The Cultivation Of Historical Understanding Of Senior High School Students

Historical understanding has always been a key topic in history teaching and research.With the deepening of curriculum reform and the proposal of the core quality of history discipline,historical understanding has been paid more and more attention by history educators and historians.Tracing the historical understanding of the origin,analyzing the connotation of understanding history,exploring history,understanding ability training strategy,not only can promote the research and development of subject curriculum and teaching theory history,enrich and deepen the comprehension of history research,at the same time can help front-line teachers guide students to construct the wholeness of the cognitive framework,historical development for core quality to provide effective way to train the students' history.Historical Understanding is an important concept and part of the history subject.It is a comprehensive thinking activity for history learners to form correct historical concepts,rationally use historical methods,restore and reconstruct the true past after they have fully grasped the basic historical facts.History study deepens from the appearance to the essence after the core literacy embodies.In the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the ability to understand history has undergone a series of evolution and developments along with the syllabus and curriculum standards.It has successively experienced four stages of ascending steps,including "focusing on historical memory","proposing subject ability","emphasizing historical thinking",and "focusing on historical understanding"." Especially since2015,historical understanding has been inextricably linked with the core literacy of the current history discipline,and the value of cultivating high school students' historical understanding ability has become increasingly prominent.With the advent of the era of knowledge economy,the core of history education has gradually changed from traditional knowledge memorization to the understanding and application of knowledge,and history education is developing in the direction of comprehension training.As an important link in the implementation of the core literacy of history and the development of the ability of history subjects,cultivating students' historical understanding can enhance students' learning interest and learning efficiency,and at the same time can demonstrate the unique value of history subjects."Understanding education" has a scientific theoretical basis.Educational theories such as Wiggins' "Design for Understanding" theory,Bloom's theory of educational goals classification,Constructivism learning theory,and Deep learning theory provide a solid academic foundation for the structural division of historical understanding.At the same time,the expressions of comprehension ability in the history curriculum standards and syllabus promulgated by various countries and the corresponding training methods provide a certain realistic basis for analyzing the structural connotation of history comprehension ability.Based on the theoretical research results of predecessors,combined with the basis of realistic curriculum standards,the ability of historical understanding can be divided horizontally into three dimensions: understanding meaning,flexible use,and introspection.The three are interrelated and complementary;vertically,they can be divided into facts.The four levels of development,including sexual understanding,methodological understanding,relational understanding and value understanding,from the shallower to the deeper,constitute a three-dimensional four-layer structure of historical understanding,which is fundamental,diverse,comprehensive and developmental characteristics.In the process of cultivating high school students' historical understanding ability,they will be affected by the students' cognitive level,historical thinking ability,historical learning methods,and teacher's teaching level.Therefore,the above influencing factors should be fully considered and respected when implementing training strategies.The holistic principle,situational principle,and process principle of training.There are a variety of strategies for cultivating students' historical understanding.Through innovative learning tasks,using conceptual illustrations,conducting problem exploration,providing multiple historical materials,creating historical situations,and providing understanding brackets,we can promote the cultivation and improvement of students' historical understanding ability.