From The Perspective Of Self-determination Theory Research On The Improvement Of Happiness Of The Elderly

In recent years,China's pension undertakings have developed rapidly.In addition to the pursuit of material living conditions,the elderly also pay more and more attention to the subjective experience of happiness.However,due to various reasons,the happiness of the elderly living in institutions is generally low.Studies have shown that there is a significant positive correlation between the basic psychological needs of self-determination theory and happiness.This paper studies the happiness of the elderly,uses the basic psychological needs of self-determination theory to improve the happiness of the elderly in institutions,measures the basic psychological needs of the elderly in the sense of happiness through the scale,and combines social work professional methods to carry out group activities,which plays a very important role in improving the happiness of the elderly in institutions.In order to deeply understand the status of happiness of the elderly in institutions,this study takes a typical institution--W Pension Institution as a case to investigate and analyze.Based on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of self-determination theory,this study deeply explored the correlation between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and happiness of the elderly.Through the investigation and analysis of the happiness of 100 elderly people in W agency,80 valid questionnaires were collected.First of all,the survey found that the elderly in institutions are generally high in age,low in education,middle in income,average or poor in physical condition,and low in happiness.Secondly,the results of the analysis of the influencing factors of happiness under the theory of self-determination show that the total score of basic psychological needs is significantly positively correlated with the total score of happiness,and the correlation coefficient is 0.821.All the dimensions of basic psychological needs,such as ability need,relationship need and autonomy need,are significantly positively correlated with happiness,with correlation coefficients of 0.789,0.815 and 0.800,respectively.The results are all very significant.The three basic needs are positively correlated with each other and are very significant.When designing group activities,meeting one of the needs will affect the meeting of the other needs.Finally,through the comparison of the standard coefficients of the regression equation,it is found that the three basic psychological needs under the self-determination theory all have an impact on the well-being.Generally speaking,the difference between the three values is not very big,and the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs can reliably predict the well-being.To sum up,we need to intervene from three needs,so as to improve the happiness score of the elderly in institutions.In the practical part of improving the happiness of the elderly in the institution,I recruited 8 appropriate team members to carry out group activities by using professional methods of social work.Eight group activities are based on the three basic psychological needs of self-determination theory,which can improve the sense of happiness by satisfying the ability needs,autonomy needs and belonging needs of the elderly in institutions.After the activity,a group activity effect evaluation was conducted.The results show that group work intervention can effectively improve the well-being of the elderly in institutions,and broaden the research path for the well-being of the elderly in institutions.