Association Of Muscle Mass And Physical Activity With Metabolic Syndrome In Older Adults

Objective: Metabolic syndrome(MetS)is a group of clinical syndromes,mainly including abdominal obesity,hypertension,abnormal glucose metabolism,and abnormal lipid metabolism,which are common in the elderly.In recent years,the prevalence of MetS has increased worldwide.Its etiology is unknown and may be a result of weight gain,fat accumulation and the development of insulin resistance.MetS will further lead to cardiovascular disease,cancer and death,which has become an urgent clinical problem to be solved.It is extremely important to take effective measures to prevent and delay the occurrence of MetS.Loss of muscle mass and function occurs in older people as they age.Skeletal muscle is the main site of insulin mediated glucose uptake and also participates in maintaining glucose homeostasis.Muscle insulin resistance and functional defects can lead to obesity and metabolic diseases.Therefore,skeletal muscle may play an important role in the development of MetS.As people age,their ability to move physically is also limited.Reduced physical activity can lead to loss of independence,reduced quality of life and increased mortality.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the observation of physical activity ability in MetS.A summary of the domestic and foreign research findings on muscle mass and physical activity ability and MetS shows that the research results are not consistent about the relationship between them,and further analysis is needed.Identifying their association may provide new approaches to the treatment of MetS.Therefore,we conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the relationship between muscle mass and physical activity ability and MetS among elderly population in suburban communities of Shanghai.Meanwhile,there are still few longitudinal studies on the relationship between muscle mass and physical activity ability and MetS in China.Therefore,in order to further understand the relationship,we conducted a cohort follow-up study on this population to observe the influence of muscle mass and physical activity ability on the incidence of MetS one year later.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical study of MetS,so as to effectively improve the health management of the elderly,prevent and delay the adverse consequences of MetS.Methods: Based on baozhen Community Health Service Center,Chongming District,Shanghai,this study took the elderly over 65 years old in mihang Village,Baogang Village,Sixiao Village and Taoyuan Village within the scope of the community service center as the test population.At last,928 qualified elderly people participated in our final examination.Questionnaires and objective measurements were conducted in all subjects.The questionnaire part adopts face-to-face interview survey,mainly including gender,age,education level and other general population data;Smoking history,drinking history,fall history,depression status,daily activity level,nutritional status and other social behavior characteristics;Diabetes,hypertension,cardiovascular disease,hyperlipidemia,pulmonary disease,bone and joint disease and other past medical history.Objective measurements include measures of height,weight,blood pressure,waist circumference,muscle mass and physical activity.Physical mobility(muscle strength,mobility,and balance)was measured using grip strength,the Timed up-to-go Test(TUGT),and a standardized test of 4-meter walking speed.Using the diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Diabetes Federation(IDF)to define MetS;Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between muscle mass and physical activity capacity and MetS.A year later,the chongming area four natural villages in conformity with the conditions of the elderly queue follow-up investigation,and again the same as before the relevant indicators of measurement,the incidence of MetS older population survey in the region,including 597 subjects were once again involved in our study,but need to rule out the baseline subjects with MetS and the data is not complete(n = 382),Finally,our analysis sample included 215 subjects with complete data,and the influence of muscle mass and physical activity capacity of the elderly population in this area on MetS was analyzed by regression.Results: The elderly population observed in this study shows that the prevalence rate of MetS among the elderly population in this area is 42.24%.Logistic regression analysis of the baseline data shows that after adjusting for age,sex,occupation,education level,daily activity level,nutritional status,income,smoking history,drinking history and past history,Muscle mass(P < 0.001),muscle strength(P < 0.001),mobility(P=0.008),and balance(P=0.001)were negatively correlated with MetS.After adjusting for confounding factors,we found that older adults with relatively low muscle mass(P < 0.001)and muscle strength(P=0.001)after one year were more likely to develop MetS,But no correlation was found between balance ability(P=0.695)and mobility ability(P=0.505)and new MetS.Conclusions: MetS was more common in the elderly population in suburban communities in Shanghai,with a prevalence rate of 42.24% and a new incidence rate of 20.9% after one year.And investigate the muscle mass and physical activity ability and the relationship between the Mets can bring certain reference value to clinical,our research suggests that muscle mass and physical activity ability and the Mets have certain relevance,and after one year of observation found in muscle mass and muscle strength are relatively lower levels of the elderly are more likely to risk of Mets.This suggests that muscle mass and muscle strength training can be carried out in the early stage of MetS,which may help prevent or delay the occurrence of MetS and reduce a series of adverse events caused by MetS,so as to improve the quality of life of the elderly and reduce the pressure on the health system.In addition,due to the particularity of the elderly,the training process needs to pay attention to gradual and moderate intensity.