The Relationship Between Parent-child Attachment And Interpersonal Distress Among Senior Elementary School Students: The Mediating Role Of Empathy And Peer Attachment And Its Educational Implications

Nowadays,for everyone,interpersonal skills and the quality of interpersonal relationships will affect our mental health.The senior students of primary school are about to enter puberty and are facing great changes in physiology and psychology.Their interpersonal relationship is worthy of our psychological educators' attention.This study attempts to reveal the situation of attachment,empathy and interpersonal disturbance between senior primary school students and their parents and peers,and the internal influence mechanism of attachment between senior primary school students and their parents on interpersonal relationship disturbance.Using the method of cluster sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 561 fifth-and sixth-grade students from two primary schools in a city in Gansu province.A total of 511 valid questionnaires were collected,including 292 boys and 219 girls.The data analysis software is SPSS26.0 and Mplus8.3software.Descriptive statistics,correlation,regression and intermediary analysis were carried out on the data.The results of various analyses are as follows:There is a significant correlation among the four variables of parent-child attachment,empathy,peer attachment and interpersonal relationship disturbance of senior primary school students.Parent-child and peer attachment has a significant positive predictive effect on empathy and a significant negative predictive effect on interpersonal relationship disturbance.Empathy has a significant positive predictive effect on interpersonal relationship distress.Empathy and peer attachment of senior primary school students play a chain intermediary role between parent-child attachment and interpersonal relationship disturbance.The main conclusions are as follows: The attachment level between the senior primary school students and their parents and peers is generally good,the empathy ability is at the middle level,and there are mild interpersonal relationship problems.The attachment level and empathy ability of girls and their peers were significantly higher than those of boys.With the increase of age,the level of attachment with parents gradually decreased,and the ability of empathy also showed a downward trend.The sixth-grade students have a lower level of attachment and empathy and a higher degree of interpersonal disturbance than the fifth-grade students.The level of parent-child attachment of urban students is higher than that of rural students.The interpersonal relationship of non-only children is more troubled than that of only children.Trust with parents or peers and alienation from parents or peers are protective factors and risk factors of interpersonal disturbance,respectively.Viewpoint selection and empathy care are the protective factors of interpersonal relationship disturbance of senior primary school students,while personal sadness is the risk factor of interpersonal relationship disturbance of senior primary school students.Parent-child attachment of senior primary school students can affect interpersonal distress through empathy and peer attachment chain.