Study On The Implementation Effect Of The Universal Two-Child Policy In The Grass-roots Towns

The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing the universal Two-Child Policy Reform and Improving the Management of Family Planning Services" was implemented put into effect since January 1st,2016.After the implementation of the "universal Two-Child" policy,China’s population distribution pattern has changed,and there is obvious difference in fertility between urban and rural areas.The pace of population aging and changes in the labor structure have brought about impacts.Therefore,it is necessary to study the Implementation effect of the universal Two-Child Policy in grass-roots villages and towns.With the new public management theory and the relevant knowledge of the new public service theory,based on the demographic statistic data of Batang town,Bishan district,Chongqing as the reference,through the study of change trend of the number of household registration,the number of women at childbearing age,the number of births and deaths and birth service certificates,300 questionnaires were sent out,241 pieces were recovered,of which 239 were valid questionnaires;make interview outline,conduct interview research on 165 interviewees and other forms to explore the existing problems and reasons after the implementation of the "universal two-child "policy.The survey found out that,the implementation of the "universal Two-Child" policy has led to the problems as following:the problem for premature education in grassroots towns,the problem for women’s employment,the problem of difficulties in follow-up visiting and going for medical services for elderly pregnant women,the problems of high cost of nursery fees and economic ability and panic about the sex of the baby.Affected by these problems,the effect of the "universal Two-Child" policy was not achieved as expected after three years of implementation.In order to solve the impact of these problems,the reasons for the problems are analyzed in the four aspects including government,society,family and individuals.In order to cope with the problems arosen under the "universal Two-Child" policy,and further clarify the duration of action for the policy and increase the popularizing rate of the policy,the study put forward suggestions in several aspects,such as of improving relevant basic public service facilities,expanding preschool education,improving maternal and child health service work,correspondingly reducing the burden of childcare,resolving the contradiction between"parental care" and "old-age pension",increasing the protection of women’s employment rights,broadening the channels of maternal women’s flexible employment and vigorously promoting policy advocacy,so that to resolve these conflicts.This study can provide a certain reference for grass-roots towns to promote the implementation of the "universal two-child"policy,and also for the same kind of research as well.