Comparative Analysis Of The Intergenerational Transmission Of Human Capital In Urban And Rural Areas

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China points out that China's current development is unbalanced and inadequate,especially the imbalance between urban and rural development.The most urgent problem to be solved is the gap between urban and rural human capital.The sustainable development of human capital is influenced by both the macro factors such as registered residence system and the microcosmic factors such as the transmission of family human capital.Therefore,in the context of China's rapid economic development,it is worth paying attention to understand the impact mechanism of human capital intergenerational transmission,and how to shorten the gap between urban and rural human capital intergenerational transmission.From the perspective of urban-rural differences,this paper analyzes the intergenerational transmission of human capital in China by using the data of nine questionnaires in the Chinese family health and Nutrition Survey Database(CHNS)from 1991 to 2015.First of all,according to the time sequence,we calculate the human capital stock level of urban and rural residents.Secondly,it calculates the value-added rate of human capital transmission between generations,and analyzes its change trend,urban-rural gap and gender gap.Then,this paper uses multiple regression method to make an empirical analysis of the factors that affect the intergenerational transmission of human capital.Taking urban and rural areas as grouping variables,this paper makes a statistical analysis of the influence of the factors on the level of human capital of the offspring,and makes a heterogeneity analysis and robustness test to prove the effectiveness of the conclusion.Finally,based on the final conclusion,the paper puts forward some policy suggestions to narrow the gap between urban and rural human capital intergenerational transmission.The main conclusions are as follows: first,the stock of human capital in China is on the rise,which is significantly higher in cities than in rural areas,and significantly higher in rural men than in women;Second,the intergenerational value-added rate of human capital is fluctuating,and rural human capital still has great development potential;Third,living in the city or the countryside is the most significant factor affecting the intergenerational transmission dependence of human capital.The education level of parents and the gender of children have a significant impact on the human capital of future generations.The innovation of this paper is to use the value-added rate of human capital intergenerational transmission to analyze the effect of urban and rural human capital intergenerational transmission.In addition,we also use the dependence degree of human capital intergenerational transmission to analyze the influence mechanism of urban and rural human capital intergenerational transmission.