A Study Of The Effects Of Nutrend Beverage Combined With Hiit On Physical And Mental Health In Overweight And Obese College Students

Objective: The problem of overweight and obesity is a growing problem and becoming more prevalent at a younger age.Exercise and supplementation are contributing to the health management of overweight and obese people.The purpose of this study was to validate and evaluate the effects of NUTREND L-carnitine and epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)supplemented beverage combined with high-intensity interval training(HIIT)on fitness,body composition and mental health among overweight and obese college students.This study may provide an experimental basis for the scientific and rational use of supplementation in overweight and obese youth.Subjects and methods: This study was an 8-week randomized,double-blind,placebo parallel controlled trial.Sixty overweight or obese participants recruited were randomly assigned to supplementation + HIIT group(LH group),placebos + HIIT group(PH group),30 participants in each group.Intervention contents in LH group include L-carnitine and EGCG supplemented beverages and HIIT(3 times a week for 8 weeks);Intervention contents in the PH group include placebos and HIIT(3 times a week for 8 weeks).Fitness outcomes(maximum oxygen uptake,grip strength,back muscle strength and flexibility),body composition outcomes(weight,BMI,percentage body fat,lean body mass,body water,waist-hip ratio,fat mass and protein)and mental health outcomes(Symptom Checklist-90,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and China College Student Adjustment Scale)were used to assess outcomes.Red-meat intake and energy difference calculated by the Food Frequency Questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were counted as covariates with pretest index.Assessments were performed at the beginning and the end of study.Results: In terms of physical fitness,both LH and PH groups showed significant improvements in maximal oxygen uptake,grip strength,back muscle strength and flexibility compared with the pre-intervention values(P=0.000,P=0.023,P=0.001,P = 0.000;P=0.045,P=0.004,P=0.000).Among them,LH group was more significant in improving VO2 max,which was significantly different between groups after intervention(d=0.769,95%CI:0.24,1.30,P=0.002);In terms of body composition,the LH group showed highly significant improvements in all measures of body composition compared with the pre-intervention period(P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.003,P=0.003,P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.004).In addition to the changes in lean body mass,body water and protein were not statistically significant(P > 0.05),the PH group showed highly significant reductions in body weight,BMI,percentage body fat,waisthip ratio and fat mass compared with the pre-intervention group(P=0.006,P=0.004,P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.000),and the LH group improved more significantly in body weight,BMI and waist-hip ratio than the PH group after the intervention,with significant differences between the two groups(d=0.126,95%CI:-0.64,0.39,P=0.039;d=0.221,95%CI:-0.74,0.30,P=0.022;d=0.354,95%CI:-0.87,0.17,P=0.034);In Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),the interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety,phobia and psychoticism changes in the LH group were significantly improved compared with those before the intervention(P=0.018,P=0.023,P=0.043,P=0.043),the obsessive-compulsive and total scores changes were highly significant(P=0.005;P=0.001),while the somatization,depression,hostility and paranoid changes were not statistically significant(P >0.05);The change in somatization,compulsion,phobia,and psychoticism in the PH group improved significantly from pre-intervention(P=0.031,P=0.031,P=0.011,P =0.017),the change in total scores was highly significant(P=0.009),while the change in interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety,hostility,and psychoticism was not statistically significant(P > 0.05),and the change in somatization was more effective in the PH group,with significant differences between groups(d=0.386,95%CI:-0.13,0.91,P=0.027),The LH group improved more significantly in interpersonal sensitivity,with a highly significant difference between groups(d=0.490,95%CI:-1.01,0.03,P=0.005),but not in other aspects(P > 0.05);In Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),the LH group showed significant improvements(P=0.037;P = 0.037;P=0.032)in sleep latency,daytime dysfunction and global PSQI score change from pre-intervention,whereas the LH group showed no significant improvement(P>0.05)in subjective sleep quality,subjective sleep duration,sleep efficiency and sleep disturbances change(P=0.019)in the time to fall asleep,subjective sleep quality or subjective sleep duration.However,there was no statistical significance in subjective sleep duration,sleep efficiency,sleep disturbances,and global PSQI score change(P > 0.05),and after the intervention,there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of PSQI scores and scores of indicators of each dimension(P > 0.05).In China College Student Adjustment Scale(CCSAS),changes in interpersonal adjustment,learning adjustment,campus life adjustment,emotional adjustment and self-adjustment in the LH group were significantly improved from preintervention levels(P=0.014;P=0.021;P=0.041;P=0.016;P=0.041),while the improvements in self-satisfaction and global CCSAS score were highly significant(P=0.002;P=0.000),while the changes in career selection adjustment was not statistically significant(P > 0.05).The changes in interpersonal adjustment,learning adjustment,and campus life adjustment in the PH group were significant improvements from pre-intervention(P=0.044;P=0.039;P=0.035),the improvements in self-satisfaction and global CCSAS score were highly significant(P=0.009;P=0.000),while the changes in career selection adjustment emotional adjustment,and self-adjustment were not significant(P > 0.05).After intervention,the improvements in global CCSAS score in the LH group was more significant,with significant differences between groups(d=0.118,95%CI:-0.40,0.63,P=0.044),However,there was no significant difference between groups in other aspects(P >0.05).Conclusion: The 8-week of NUTREND L-carnitine and EGCG supplemented beverage combined with HIIT intervention offered ameliorative effects in fitness and body composition among overweight and obese college students,and has a positive effect on mental health.