Study On The Mechanism Of Human Activiyies On Atmospheric Environment In Yellow River Basin

The Yellow River Basin（YRB）has an extremely significant strategic position in national development.With the increasing intensity of human activities,the atmospheric environment has undergone obvious changes,and environmental problems are very prominent in the YRB.The number of resource-based cities（RBC）and non-resource-based cities（NRBC）accounts for half respectively in the YRB;there is an obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the resource and environmental background,economic development path,atmospheric environment and its governance measures,and intensity of human activities in the two types of cities.Therefore,based on the comparative perspective of the two types of cities,this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal patterns of human activities and atmospheric environment in the YRB,discusses the impact mechanism of human activities on the atmospheric environment,and puts forward relevant policy implications to reduce the impact of human activities on the atmospheric environment and promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the YRB.Taking the YRB as the study area,taking the intensity of human activities and atmospheric environment as the study object,this paper uses entropy evaluation method,spatial autocorrelation and Theil index,etc.,to analysis the spatiotemporal patterns,spatiotemporal agglomeration characteristics and regional differences of human activities and atmospheric environment in the two types of cities.And then,using Geodetector and Geographically Weighted Regression（GWR）to explore the influence mechanism of human activities on atmospheric environment.The following main conclusions are as follows.（1）The analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns of human activity intensity in the YRB showed that:（1）From 2015 to 2020,the intensity of human activities and each dimension showed a fluctuating decrease in the two types of cities,and the lowest values occurred in 2018;In all dimensions,the intensity of ecological environment construction showed a fluctuating increase.For the intensity of industrial and mining activities,RBC were always higher than NRBC,and the gap was narrowing.For the intensity of other dimensions,NRBC were higher than RBC,and the gap was widening.（2）Overall and various dimensions of human activity intensity showed a pattern of"high in the east and low in the west",while industrial and mining activities showed a pattern of"high in the middle and low its surroundings".（3）The spatial agglomeration characteristics of human activity intensity in the two types of cities were significant,with the high-high cluster areas mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the YRB,and the low-low cluster areas mainly distributed in the upstream.（4）In terms of regional differences,the intra-group gap was the determining factor of the overall gap of human activity intensity in the YRB,and the intra-group gap of RBC was always smaller than that of NRBC.（2）The analysis of the spatiotemporal pattern of atmospheric environment in the YRB showed that:（1）From 2015 to 2020,among the various types of pollutants in the two types of cities,except for O₃,the annual average concentrations of pollutants showed a decreasing trend;the O₃pollution situation in RBC was more serious,with its concentrations rising from 89.93μg/m³to 100μg/m³,an increase of 11.20%.（2）The spatial pattern of PM10,PM2.5,NO₂and CO concentration was decreasing from east to west;SO₂concentration was"high in the midstream and low in the upstream and downstream";there was no obvious spatial distribution of O₃concentration.（3）The seasonal variation of O₃concentration was"high in spring and summer and low in autumn and winter",while the seasonal average variation of other air pollutant concentrations was"high in winter and low in summer".（4）The AQI and various pollutants in the two types of cities in the YRB had significant spatial clustering and had a distribution with high in the east and low in the west.（5）The overall fluctuation of Theil Index of O₃showed a discrete trend in the YRB;the overall fluctuation of Theil Index of other air pollutants decreased and showed a gradually converging trend.The intra-group gap of atmospheric environment in RBC was always smaller than that in NRBC.（3）The analysis of the mechanism of human activities on the atmospheric environment showed that:（1）There were significant correlations between various types of atmospheric pollutants.（2）Population and temperature had the most significant effects on AQI and various types of air pollutants,while other natural factors had weaker effects.In addition,the influence of traffic activities on AQI,PM2.5 and NO₂was large;the influence of industrial and mining activities on PM10,PM2.5,NO₂and CO was large.（3）The explanation of atmospheric environment was significantly enhanced after the interaction of various dimensions of human activity with natural factors,among which the effect was most obvious after the interaction of population activities with other factors.（4）Comparative perspective showed that the degree of influence of various dimensions of human activity on the atmospheric environment of the two types of cities was relatively similar,and the spatial pattern of their influence was also similar;namely,the atmospheric environment was slightly worse in areas with dense population and better economic development.The higher the intensity of traffic activities,the higher atmospheric pollutant concentration in the two types of cities.Industrial and mining activities had a more obvious negative impact on PM2.5,while they had a greater positive impact on AQI and other atmospheric pollutants,especially the impact of industry and mining on the atmospheric environment of NRBC was more significant.In order to effectively reduce the impact of human activities on the atmospheric environment,and improve the atmospheric environmental quality in the YRB.The following policy implication are proposed:Guiding the rational flow of population in the YRB;transforming the mode of economic development and upgrading the industrial structure;strengthening of urban greening construction and improving the green technology;and implementing differentiated zoning governance strategies.