Study On The Temporal And Spatial Characteristics Of Timber Arch Lounge Bridges In Fujian And Zhejiang Provinces

The timber arch lounge bridge is a unique mountain human settlements cultural heritage of China.Its bridge structure is unique in the world bridge history and is known as the "living fossil" in the history of the world bridge.However,due to historical,natural or man-made reasons,as well as the acceleration of modernization and urbanization,the number of timber arch lounge bridge is constantly decreasing,which needs to be protected and inherited.In 2012,22 timber arch lounge bridges in Fujian and Zhejiang provinces were listed in the world heritage preparation list.Under the background of applying for the world heritage,the basic research of the timber arch lounge bridge needs to be further expanded and deepened.From the perspective of time and space,this paper collects and collates relevant data,conducts field research,selects research samples,and builds the unified and standardized information system of the timber arch lounge bridge,the information database of the timber arch lounge bridge is constructed.Through spatial analysis,statistical analysis and other methods,the temporal and spatial characteristics of timber arch lounge bridges are extracted and analyzed.Finally,the influencing factors of the temporal and spatial characteristics are analyzed from natural and human aspects.In order to enrich the basic research of the timber arch lounge bridge,and provide reference for its follow-up cognition,protection,inheritance and research.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Through the methods of literature research,field research and expert consultation,the information system of the timber arch lounge bridge is detailed from the basic information,overall layout,architectural form,decorative art,technical inheritor,folk belief and heritage subsidiary to determine the attribute factors.With the help of ArcGIS software,the data and information are sorted and entered,and the information database of the timber arch lounge bridge is constructed.(2)The overall spatial distribution of timber arch lounge bridges in Fujian and Zhejiang provinces shows a agglomerative distribution pattern,with "more in the middle and less around".In the main densely distributed areas,it has the common characteristics of wide distribution,such as most of the wooden arch bridges are block stone masonry abutment style,wooden bridge deck style,Xuanshan and Xieshan roof style,and mixed corridor roof framework and so on.(3)The key attribute factors of research on time characteristics are selected as area distribution,deck style,roof style and decorative art.The result shows that: the formation of the timber arch lounge bridges in Fujian and Zhejiang provinces originated in Tang and Song Dynasties,the trend of agglomerative distribution initially formed in Yuan Dynasty,the significant trend of agglomerative distribution heve maintained in Ming Dynasty and later,The distribution pattern have been formed in Qing Dynasty.The track of the center of gravity in the historical period showed a long-distance migration from southwest to northeast,and then from northeast to southwest.Wooden deck has always been the most important bridge deck style in the history,covering almost all of distribution area.The main roof styles are Xuanshan and Xieshan,From Yuan Dynasty to Ming Dynasty,it was an important period for the development of building shape of timber arch lounge bridge,which shows that the roof style is gradually complex,exquisite and diversified,and mainly distributed in the border area between Fujian and Zhejiang provinces.Woodcarving,clay sculpture and color painting decoration have been used since Tang and Song dynasties.In Ming Dynasty,woodcarving and color painting were the most popular.And in Qing Dynasty,the decoration application showed a significant decline.It was mainly distributed in the junction of Fujian and Zhejiang and the southwest of Ningde city.(4)the temporal and spatial characteristics of timber arch lounge bridges are affected by the natural and human factors,including geography,river system,climate,vegetation,institutional evolution,immigration and regional development,and human thought,which provide a unique regional human environment for the formation and development of timber arch lounge bridges.