| Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China’s rural areas have experienced major changes.The people’s commune movement from 1958 to 1984 changed the pattern of rural society and affected the form and architectural characteristics of villages.Under the Up-bottom design mode,China’s rural living environment is affected by urbanization,and the countryside shows the tendency of modernism and collectivization.The impact of these changes on rural pattern and form is profound and clear.From the perspective of collective form,this paper analyzes the methods and ideas of Chinese rural planning and architectural design in the period of people’s commune.The people’s commune is one of the representative cases of the practice of collective form in China.The theories and practices related to collective form such as Western utopian socialism,Soviet collective farm,new village doctrine introduced into China from Japan and Datong book have affected the people’s commune to varying degrees.The people’s commune has experienced the stage of "Big Commune","small commune" and transformation stage.The economic system and social organization mode in different stages are directly related to the planning of rural settlements.The residential design in the "Big Commune" stage has the characteristics of modernism.The designers try to outline the ideal rural living environment under collectivism.In "small commune" stage,designer combined with the actual situation of natural villages.The construction scale is reduced,the degree of public ownership is reduced,and the influence in the countryside is more extensive.Through the field investigation of representative people’s commune sites,this thesis selected Hebei Xushui people’s commune,Henan Suiping Chayashan people’s Commune and Shaanxi Fenghuo commune as the research objects.By comparing the relevant historical data,we can show the influence of the people’s commune on the village form to a certain extent.By recording and mapping the village form of commune sites and the remaining buildings,this thesis increase the basic data for the study of collective form.In the context of rural revitalization,architecture needs to understand and analyze the development process of village form in modern history,and clarify the characteristics of rural planning and architectural design in the era of collectivization.These studies are helpful to understand the reasons for the problems in China’s current rural development,such as “thousands of villages look the same”,housing homogenization and so on.The planning of rural settlements,public buildings and residential design methods established in the early stage of the people’s commune can provide experience reference and inspiration for the future rural design from both positive and negative aspects. |
