Research On Pricing Method Of Air-rail Intermodal Transportation Based On Reasonable Market Distribution

Air-rail intermodal transportation is an important link in the construction of China’s comprehensive transportation system.It can fully combine the technical and economic characteristics of high-speed rail and civil aviation,and improve travel efficiency and service quality.However,the research and practice of air-rail intermodal transportation in China is still in its infancy.Most of the existing intermodal fares are formulated by adding the fares of air and railway sections directly.Some airlines reimburse high-speed rail tickets to attract passengers.However,from a long-term perspective,this simple pricing method does not consider the transportation market distribution.It is difficult to ensure the participation enthusiasm of railway and civil aviation enterprises,which is not conducive to the balanced development of the transportation market.Therefore,this paper focuses on the pricing of air-rail intermodal transportation,regards the high-speed rail section and air section as a complete product,and studies the formulation of intermodal fares.Firstly,it summarizes the definition,development status and product characteristics of air-rail intermodal transportation,studies the development and current pricing strategies of railway and civil aviation transportation products respectively,and analyzes the current situation and existing problems of air-rail intermodal transportation pricing.Secondly,the passenger flow sharing rate of different modes of transportation in the transportation market is studied based on passenger travel choice behavior.On the analysis of the empty rail transport passenger travel process and demand factors,a passenger flow sharing Logit model based on air rail intermodal fares is constructed,which reflects the impact of the change of air-rail intermodal fares on the passenger flow sharing rate,and lays a foundation for the construction of air-rail intermodal pricing model.Then,the pricing model of air-rail intermodal transportation for reasonable market allocation is established.The air-rail intermodal transportation products are regarded as a whole,and the bi-level programming model which can meet the needs of both transport enterprises and passengers is selected to analyze the intermodal transportation pricing problem.From the perspective of transportation enterprises,the upper planning takes the overall profit maximization of air-rail intermodal transportation operators as the objective function.From the perspective of passengers,the lower level planning takes the minimum generalized travel cost of passengers as the objective function.According to the market situation,the air-rail intermodal Origin-Destination is divided into four categories: new coverage,only high-speed rail direct,only air direct,and both high-speed rail and air direct.Considering the transportation capacity of high-speed rail and civil aviation,the income changes of transportation enterprises before and after participating in intermodal transportation,the lower level model is constructed for different types of intermodal OD.Then a heuristic algorithm based on sensitivity analysis is designed to solve the model.Finally,the air-rail intermodal OD with Zhengding airport as the transfer point is selected for case analysis.The passenger flow sharing rate and the optimal ticket price of air-rail intermodal are calculated,and the pricing results are analyzed to verify the feasibility and rationality of the model and algorithm.