An Equilibrium Analysis And Charging Strategy Of Commuting Considering Location Of Parking Slot And Walking Cost In A Two-to-one Network

As urban residents’ daily travel,commuting is closely related to the quality of residents’ life.In recent years,with the constantly improving level of car ownership and increasing travel demand,urban road congestion has become increasingly obvious.In addition to the supply of road capacity that can not meet the increasing travel demand,parking capacity is also facing the same dilemma.Urban road congestion and parking problems have become an indispensable part of commuting.This paper takes the commuting behavior during the morning rush hour as the research object,and considers the congestion and parking problem during the commuting process.Through the establishment and derivation of the model,the basic laws and properties of commuting behavior are explored,and some proper management strategies are designed to reduce the system efficiency losses caused by congestion and parking problem.The main work of this paper is as follows:First,this paper describes the two-to-one commuting problem considering the parking problem and based on the bottleneck model,constructs a function about location of parking slot,establishes the departure time choice model considering walking time cost.On this basis,the equilibrium state can be classified into four situations according to the numerical size comparison between the start time and end time of one commuting peak and that of another.Considering the time of on time arrival,the four situations can be further classified into 14 sub-situations.Due to the symmetry of these 14 situations,there are 7 main situations.Then the equilibrium traffic pattern in the 7 main situations is derived,the change rules of equilibrium traffic pattern are discussed,the relationship between one-to-one commuting equilibrium and two-to-one commuting equilibrium is analyzed,and further verification and analysis are carried out with numerical examples.Studies have shown that the total number of commuters,the unit time value,the unit walking time and the capacity of bottleneck have different impacts on the equilibrium traffic pattern.In particular,when the duration of the two commuting peaks is equal,the commuters are homogeneous and the unit walking time is the same,the two commuting peaks start and end at the same time.At this point,the two-to-one commuting problem is comparable to the one-to-one commuting problem.Subsequently,according to the system efficiency losses in both queuing delay cost and scheduling delay cost,this paper designs three kinds of charging strategies to improve the system efficiency.First,a time-varying road toll is designed to eliminate the queuing congestion.Then,the time-varying road toll and the parking fee are combined,and a hybrid charge strategy is designed to achieve the system optimum.Finally,the sub-optimal parking fee that can minimize the total system cost is designed.For each charging strategy,the corresponding equilibrium traffic pattern is derived,and the basic properties of the charging strategy are summarized.Through numerical examples,the influence of each charging strategy on the equilibrium state and the mechanism of improving the system efficiency are explored,and the variation of the charging efficiency and the optimization efficiency of the charging strategy against the unit walking time is analyzed.Finally,the optimization effects of three charging strategies are compared horizontally.The results show that the hybrid charge can achieve the system optimum,the sub-optimal parking fee is the next best,and the time-varying road toll is relatively poor.