Study On The Optimization Of Public Space In Urban Communities To Reduce The Risk Of Respiratory Infectious Disease Transmission

In recent years,respiratory infectious diseases such as SARS and COVID-19 have become increasingly prominent,posing a great threat to the personal safety of residents.In the context of frequent respiratory infectious diseases,how to ensure a safe and healthy public living environment for residents has become an important issue.The community is the last line of defense for epidemic prevention and control,and at the same time,the public space in the community is also the most vulnerable to the spread of large-scale infectious disease epidemics.Therefore,from the perspective of urban renewal,higher environmental requirements are imposed on urban community public spaces to prevent and reduce the risk of respiratory infectious disease transmission under normal behavioral activities of people in community public spaces.In this paper,we analyze and study the transmission characteristics of common and recently emerged respiratory infectious diseases and their transmission processes in community public spaces based on the behavioral activities of crowds,construct a risk assessment method for the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases in community public spaces based on the behavioral activities of crowds,select sample communities to assess the transmission risks of respiratory infectious diseases,summarize the spatial characteristics of different risk levels and the causes of higher risk spaces,and thus propose The paper summarizes the spatial characteristics of different risk levels and the causes of higher risk spaces,and thus proposes strategies for planning and designing community public spaces and guiding the behavioral activities of people.The specific research contents of the thesis are as follows:First,we summarized the transmission characteristics of respiratory infectious diseases by analyzing the research on the transmission rules of respiratory infectious diseases in various disciplines such as medicine,architecture and civil engineering.We also used the PSPL research method to summarize the characteristics of the behavioral activities of people in public spaces,and analyzed the spatial correlation between the characteristics of the spread of respiratory infectious diseases and the behavioral activities of people,so as to clarify the process of the spread of respiratory infectious diseases during the normal behavioral activities of people in public spaces,and become the basis for the selection of the influencing factors of the spread of respiratory infectious diseases.By summarizing the influential elements of respiratory infectious disease transmission in current research through literature analysis,and combining the characteristics of community public space and crowd behavioral activities,the influential elements of respiratory infectious disease transmission in community public space were determined,including the elements of crowd behavioral activities: activity type,activity duration,activity frequency,crowd density and human body distance;the elements of public space environment: wind environment,relative humidity,sunlight environment,and air quality.Air quality.Second,this paper considers reducing the transmission risk of respiratory infectious diseases from the perspective of cutting off the transmission route,and proposes to superimpose the focal space of crowd behavior activities with the comprehensive risk evaluation results of public space environmental elements to build a method for assessing the transmission risk of respiratory infectious diseases based on crowd behavior activities:constructing evaluation criteria for individual evaluation factors of public space environmental elements,and then assigning weights to them to form a comprehensive risk evaluation method and scoring rules for public space environmental elements.The comprehensive risk evaluation method and scoring rules are constructed,and then the focal space of crowd activities in public space is selected based on the characteristics of crowd behavioral activities,and the results of comprehensive risk evaluation of environmental elements in public space are superimposed to evaluate the risk of respiratory infectious disease transmission based on crowd behavioral activities.Then,three communities in the central city of Chengdu were selected as samples for the study,and the current situation of their planning elements and the characteristics of crowd behavior activities in public spaces were analyzed,and it was concluded that the crowd behavior activities in community public spaces are highly aggregated,and the time pattern of activities and the choice of space are highly consistent,which makes the close interaction activities of crowd community public spaces very easy to cause the spread of respiratory infectious diseases without considering the role of environment,and thus the public spaces carrying The public spaces that carry the behavioral activities of people are the focal spaces for the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases.The risk of respiratory infectious disease transmission was found to be lower in the larger-scale faceted public spaces,street pedestrian spaces consistent with the dominant wind direction,and riverfront spaces,and higher in the public spaces influenced by the surrounding buildings.Finally,based on the spatial characteristics of different risk evaluation levels and the characteristics of people’s behavioral activities in public spaces,we propose strategies for optimizing community public spaces: in terms of spatial creation,we build community public spaces with a good environment that is not easy to spread respiratory infectious diseases from microclimate environment improvement and air quality improvement;in terms of guiding people’s behavioral activities,we propose the layout and site design of activity facilities according to the evaluation results of different risk levels to guide safe and healthy people’s behavioral activities.In terms of guiding the behavioral activities of the crowd,we propose the layout and site design of activity facilities according to the evaluation results of different risk levels to guide safe and healthy behavioral activities of the crowd.In addition,specific action strategies are proposed for three types of public spaces: surface,linear and point.The effectiveness of the optimization strategy is confirmed by the practice and evaluation of the optimization strategy in the Shubei Street community as an example.This study can accurately assess the environmental conditions of respiratory infectious disease transmission in the focal space of population behavioral activities,and then classify the risk level,enrich the research of promoting public health in infectious disease prevention and control,and provide new ideas for preventing,assessing and improving the environment of respiratory infectious disease transmission in community public space during the period of epidemic normalization.