| Rural settlements are an important spatial carrier of farmers’daily production and life,and also the core link of rural people-land relations.Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization and industrialization,China’s rural areas are undergoing profound transformation and reconstruction,and the problems of scattered spatial layout,disorderly expansion and inefficient utilization of rural settlements are prominent,which seriously restrict the process of urban-rural integrated development.Thus,the optimization and reconstruction for rural settlements has become an important path to solve the problem of contradiction between urban and rural land,promote the effective governance of territorial space and the in-depth implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.In this paper,the town of Xima,Longli County,Guizhou Province was select as a case,and on the basis of clarifying the spatial distribution,influencing factors and existing problems,the livability evaluation of the administrative scale and spot scale of rural settlements were carried out based on the land use data and field research data.At the same time,the gravity model,K-mean clustering algorithm and population flow model were used to divide the spatial groups and determine the type of villages.Ultimately,the villages in the study area were divided into three spatial groups:northern group,central group and southern group,as well as three types:central town,central village and general village.In addition,the types of optimal reconstruction of rural settlements in the study area were divided based on the result of spot scale evaluation combined with village types.Finally,the measures to optimize and reconstruct the rural settlements in the research area were put forward from the two perspectives of regional group coordination and classification guidance.The main findings of this paper are as follows:(1)The characteristics of rural settlements in Xima Town have obvious regional differences in space.In terms of the landscape pattern,the patch area,the number of patches and the average patch area of rural settlements in each village or community show a positive correlation to some extent,but this relationship is not absolute.Huajing Village,Xima Community and Yangchang Village have the largest rural residential density,and Maozhai village has the smallest density.From the perspective of aggregation degree and sub-dimension index,the rural settlements in Xima Town are relatively concentrated,but the shape presents a certain irregular shape.In terms of agglomeration characteristic,the density of rural settlements in Xima Town is higher in the south than the north and higher in the wast than in the east,but the hot spot agglomeration area(Z>2)is mainly distributed in the central and northeast of Xima Town.In terms of morphological characteristic,the spatial layout of rural settlements in Xima Town mainly are the aggregation pattern,scatter pattern and strip pattern.Among them,the rural settlements of aggregation pattern are mainly distributed in the middle and northeast of Xima Town,such as Xima Community,Taishang Village,Pingpo Village and Bajiang community.The rural settlements of scatter pattern are mainly concentrated in the southeast and northwest of Xima Town,such as Tianqing Village and Maozhai Village.The settlements of strip pattern are widely distributed in each village of Xima Town.In addition,under the comprehensive influence of regional economic and social development,policy and culture,the housing structure,the number of housing floors and the number of housing years in rural settlements also have regional differences to some extent.(2)Influenced by the factors of physical geography and location conditions,the rural settlements in Xima Town show some differences and regularity in the spatial distribution and scale characteristics.From the perspective of natural factors,the rural settlements of Xima Town are mostly distributed in the altitude range of 1055～1179 m and the slope of 16～24,but the influence of aspect differentiation is small.In terms of location factors,the number of rural settlements within 100 m from the road,1000～2000 m from the village(neighborhood)committee and 500 m from the water area,and the influence of road distance is the most obvious.In addition,based on Spearman correlation analysis,it is concluded that four factors,slope,rural settlements to village(neighborhood)committee distance,to water distance and to road distance,have significant negative effects with the areas of rural settlements in Xima Town.Aspect has significant positive correlation to the density of rural settlements,but the factors such as elevation,slope,rural settlements to village(neighborhood)committee distance,to water distance and to road distance has a significant negative effect on the density of rural settlements.(3)The comprehensive livability level of all administrative units in the study area ranged from 0.16 to 0.84,with significant regional differences.The administrative units with high livability level are mainly distributed in the central and southern areas of Xima Town.Taking the livability level of administrative unit as the comprehensive quality,combined with the gravity model,K-mean clustering algorithm and population flow data,Xima Town is divided into northern group,central group and southern group in space,and the villages and communities are divided into 1 central town,2 central villages and 11 general villages.The livability level of rural settlements in spot scale ranged from 0.16 to 0.84,and it is divided into high,medium and low livable based on the natural break point method.Among them,the number of high-livable rural settlements is the largest,with the total of 1623,mostly distributed in the central and southern areas of Xima Town;The number of medium-livable rural settlements is the second,with the total of 1136,mostly distributed in the south and northern of Xima Town such as Tianqing Village,Longchang Village,Maozhai Village,Lewan Village and Pingpo Village and so on;The number of low-livable rural settlements is the least,only 613,mostly distributed far from the northern border of the town and the central village and along the southeast area.(4)On the basis of the village development positioning and combined with the evaluation results of the livability of rural settlements,the rural settlements of Xima Town are finally divided into four categories:urban integration type,central expansion type,reserved development type,and demolition and relocation type.Among them,the number of rural settlements for the type of urban integrated is 141,and the area is 22.87 hm~2;there are 444rural settlements for the type of central expansion,with an area of 67.04 hm~2;the number of rural settlements for the type of reserved development is the largest,reaching 2325,and the area is 397.87 hm~2;the number of rural settlements for the type of demolition and relocation is 462,with the area of 27.75 hm~2,but the average area of each patch is only 0.06 hm~2.Finally,under the guidance of the principle of adapting measures to local conditions,being intensive and efficient,and respecting public opinion,the optimization and reconstruction measures of rural settlements in Xima Town were put forward from the perspectives of regional group planning and classified guidance. |
PDF Full Text Request