The Research Of Rural Settlement Spatial Reconstruction In The Village Domain Within The Framework Of The Symbiosis:Farmers Perspective

At present, the rural settlement spatial reconstruction which act as an important measure of the new rural construction has made remarkable achievements in Chongqing. But during the course of the reconstruction, more and more contradictions lead the rural settlement spatial to simplification and equalization. Such as, the contradiction of the government attention and farmers’ willingness, the contradiction of realistic condition and future requirement, the contradiction of planning and financial resources, treasure concentrated but downplay comprehensive planning and so on. So, this phenomenon lead to many practical problems, for example, the prim rural settlement spatial, the disappearance of regional characteristics, the lack of neighborhood atmosphere and so on. So,this research choose Xingba village as the sample area, reference the domestic and foreign research results, use multidisciplinary penetration concept and the method of "3S (GIS+GPS+RS)+PRA (participatory farmers survey)", carried out visiting survey of988peasant households in the study area, and then set up the’Farmers-Rural residential areas’ database which include farmers’ spatial features and attributes data. Then introducing the theory of symbiosis to analysis rural residential spatial’s symbiotic elements, symbiotic mechanism symbiotic principle, reconstruction steps and reconstruction paths. On that basis, comprehensive consideration farmers willingness and spatial present situation of rural residential areas to coordinate the rural residential spatial symbiotic relations of production functional symbiotic units, life functional symbiotic units and service functional symbiotic units in order to keep the continuity and gradation of the rural settlement spatial. Then improve the rural settlement spatial’s symbiosis environment which include the physical "hardware environment" and the service and culture "soft environment", to guarantee spatial symbiosis unit coordination and symbiotic mode’s continuous and integration, and finally realizes the rural settlement spatial dynamic increase and strengthen rural settlement spatial social symbiotic effect,economic symbiotic effect and ecological symbiotic effect.Main research conclusions are follows:(1) Because of the difference of farmers’ livelihood characteristics, the different kinds of framers have different rural residential spatial reconstruction willing and demand. The arrangement in order of the framers’reconstruction willing, from low to high, non-agricultural specialization type,non-agricultural diversification development type, part-time development type,agricultural diversification development type and agricultural specialization type. The agricultural specialization type framers’reconstruction demands are spatial resource and information, the agricultural diversification development type framers’ reconstruction demands are resource sharing, the part-time development type framers’reconstruction demands are neighborhood, blood and kinship relations, the non-agricultural type framers need expand the contact scope and access the effective information. The main factors affecting farmers reconstruct decisions including:family economic conditions, settlement status, policy environment, social and economic environment, reconstruction consciousness, reconstruction benefits, the degree of dependence of framers, the framers characteristics and so on.(2) The symbiosis theory has strong applicability for rural settlement spatial reconstruction, it can be the theory and method guidance for the reconstruction. According to the theory of symbiosis, firstly, the rural settlement spatial reconstruction must coordinate the symbiosis unit of rural settlement spatial to guarantee the continuity and gradation of rural settlement spatial. And then perfect the symbiotic environment, in order to enhance the rural settlement spatial’s ecological and cultural, ultimately achieve the continuous symbiotic mode of rural settlement spatial. According the rural settlement spatial reconstruction steps,target to extract symbiosis unit and symbiosis environment reconstruction path which is guided by "people-oriented, government assist and farmers participation", to guarantee effective symbiotic of rural settlement spatial and realize the rural settlement spatials’social symbiotic effect,economic symbiotic effect and ecological symbiotic effect.(3)Under the guidance of symbiosis theory, according to the different types of the farmers willingness and demands, to put forwards the way of rural settlement spatial reconstruction can effectively promote the rural settlement spatial vitality and promote the circulation of thematerial, information-and energy in the rural settlement spatial. According to the reconstruction steps, first, it must reconstruct the first level of symbiosis units spatial which include the production courtyard spatial, the life courtyard spatial and the service courtyard spatial to make the production and living spatial in the existing economic conditions meet their needs as far as possible and strengthen the neighborhood atmosphere. Second, reconstruct the second second level of symbiosis units which include the group of production functional spatials (the agricultural diversification development type framers and the agricultural specialization type framers), the group of life functional spatial (the part-time development type framers and non-agricultural type framers who are migrant workers) and the group of service functional spatial group(the part-time development type framers and non-agricultural type framers who are in business), make rural settlement spatial to complement to each other. Third, rational distribute the second level symbiosis unit on the spatial to realize the symbiosis unit continuous and safeguard the mutually beneficial relationship between symbiosis unit. Finally improve the rural settlement spatial’s symbiosis environment which include the physical " hardware environment" and the service and culture "soft environment", to guarantee spatial symbiosis unit coordination and symbiotic mode’s continuous and integration.