Fire Risk Analysis And Numerical Simulation Of Ancient Buildings With Brick And Wood Structure

Ancient buildings are precious historical and cultural heritage.Most of China’s ancient buildings are made of brick and wood,with high fire risks.Once burned,they will cause significant losses and threaten to the safety of people’s lives and property.it is necessary to study ancient buildings’ fire risks and fire spread patterns.In this paper,the brick-wood structure of ancient buildings is taken as the research object,and the fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM analysis is applied to study the risk factor that leads to the occurrence of fire accidents in ancient buildings.The main research content is as follows:(1)Analysis of fire risk in ancient buildings.In this paper,the fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM is applied to analyze the correlation of 25 potential risk factors belonging to four categories of risk factors based on the establishment of the ancient building fire evaluation index system,and the causal attribute of the factors and the logical hierarchical relationship between the factors are obtained,to evaluate the fire risk of ancient buildings.The fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM was used to analyze Xiyue Temple Haoling Temple in Huayin City.The results showed that the evacuation and firefighting conditions,as well as the hidden dangers of electrical equipment,had a significant degree of cause and needed to be controlled;The fire resistance rating and fire load have a high degree of consequence,which are the leading causes of accidents;Combined with ISM,the surface causes and root causes of fire accidents are divided,and evacuation and fire fighting conditions,flammable and explosive dangerous goods,electrical equipment hidden dangers,safety responsibility system,fire fighting emergency plan and drill are the key risk factor of fire accidents in ancient buildings,which need to be paid attention to.(2)Research on the Law of Fire Spread in Ancient Buildings.This article proposes a combination of BIM and FDS to simulate fires in ancient buildings.The fire occurrence patterns in three scenarios are studied by analyzing the smoke flow movement,temperature,CO concentration,and visibility during a fire.This article takes Xiyue Temple Haoling Hall as the research object for example research.Revit is used to determine the three-dimensional model of the main hall,and then FDS is used to simulate the fire in the main hall.The measurement points are selected as incense burners,textiles,and electrical boxes.The results indicate that the overall concentration of CO is relatively low,and temperature and visibility are the main products that threaten personnel’s escape;At the end of the simulation,the high temperature mainly concentrated on the roof;When a fire broke out in the electrical box located in the southeast corner of the building,the fire became even more intense.(3)Exploration of fire prevention measures.Exploring fire countermeasures based on the research results of numerical simulation of fires,mainly by comparing and analyzing the working conditions before and after taking measures,and studying the effectiveness of vertical walls,ceilings,and automatic sprinkler systems.The results show that the vertical wall can effectively form a smoke prevention zone,mainly resulting in a significant sharp decrease in temperature at higher positions;Smallpox did not play a role in slowing down the development of fires,but instead weakened the fire after a period of time when the ceiling was damaged;The automatic sprinkler system can effectively suppress the development of fires,and compared to buildings without sprinkler systems,the temperature and visibility are within the safe critical range for escape.This paper studies the ancient buildings,analyzes the relationship between the fire risk factor of the ancient buildings,obtains the key risk factor,conducts the fire numerical simulation research on the ancient buildings,and puts forward the corresponding fire control countermeasures,which can provide a certain theoretical reference for the fire management department of the ancient buildings.