| In China’s rapid urbanization process,the artificial environment has replaced the natural landscape.The function of bird habitat services in cities is weakening,and bird survival is facing great threats.As one of the few places that retains a natural base,the green space of the park has become the first choice for urban bird habitat.This paper uses field investigation and data analysis to investigate birds,plants and surrounding habitats in12 parks in the main urban area of Hangzhou.This paper explores the relationship between urban birds and park green spaces,and analyzes the diversity of birds in different types of habitats.From the perspective of ensuring the normal breeding and habitat of birds,the park green space landscape construction is carried out.The aim is to increase the abundance of birds in the park’s green spaces and improve the level of urban biodiversity.It lays a solid foundation for the formation of a more scientific and systematic set of urban parks,green spaces,bird habitat landscape planning and design in the future.The main findings of this paper are as follows:(1)The characteristics of bird communities in green spaces in Hangzhou urban parks were summarized.Taking 12 Hangzhou urban parks as research sites,fieldwork was carried out on birds in them,and a total of 107 species of birds were recorded,belonging to14 orders and 41 families.In terms of residence type,the largest number of resident birds is the largest,with 64 species,accounting for 59.8% of the total.In terms of feeding types,insectivorous birds account for the majority,with 58 species.In terms of nesting types,the canopy nests the most birds,with a total of 40 species,and most birds rely on plants to build their nests.In the division of bird target species,it is found that the frequency index of common species magpie robin,black thrush,bald stork,sparrow and pearl-necked dove exceeds 2000,which is the dominant bird species in urban areas and can be seen in almost all parks.(2)The relationship between bird diversity and urban parks and green spaces in Hangzhou was analyzed.The results show that the habitat types of parks in Hangzhou urban area are diverse,which can be divided into five categories: water body,near water,forest land,farmland and building paving.Different birds have different adaptations to different types of habitats.In terms of water bodies,the species and number of waterbirds were positively correlated with shoreline length and water area.At the vegetation level,the number of bird species in Hangzhou urban park was sorted as arbor> shrub> herbaceous layer> farmland,and the number of individuals was sorted as arbor> herbaceous layer>shrub layer > farmland.Among them,the number of bird species and individuals in the arbor layer was the largest,which was much higher than that of other plant layers,and the height and crown width of trees were positively correlated with the number of bird species.In addition,noise pollution and human disturbance in Hangzhou urban parks are significant negative factors affecting the diversity of birds in the park.(3)The landscape construction method of bird habitat in urban parks,green spaces and green spaces was proposed.It mainly plans and designs the five aspects of water body habitat,near-water habitat,woodland habitat,farmland habitat and isolation boundary.(1)Water habitat: it is necessary to control the water level,purify the water quality,enrich the water form and layout,and pay attention to the creation of shoals and substrates.(2)Near-water habitat: pay attention to the shaping of shoreline and ecological shoreline construction,and build unmanned ecological bird islands and artificial floating islands.(3)Forest land habitat: select plants that meet the needs of birds for feeding,nesting,nocturnal habitat,etc.to create a variety of woodland space,and pay attention to micro-terrain shaping and forest width setting.Construct different types of woodlands such as sparse forests,dense forests,shrubs,and grasslands that meet the habitat of different birds.(4)Farmland habitat: enrich the varieties of agricultural species and optimize planting forms,and retain trees and shrubs for birds to rest.(5)Isolation boundary: reduce noise and human interference by stacking terrain,planting plants,placing devices,creating structures,etc. |
