Study On Strategies For Improving Urban Park Greenbelt Habitat From The Perspective Of Bird Diversity

The accelerated urbanization process has led to a decline in habitat quality,habitat fragmentation,and a global decline in biodiversity.As one of the important indicators of structural and functional health of Urban ecosystem,bird species and quantity can reflect the changes of habitat quality and other biological populations.Urban park green spaces are important habitats for birds,providing them with food sources and shelter.The internal habitat structure characteristics are important factors affecting bird diversity.Studying the relationship between the habitat structure characteristics of urban park green spaces and bird diversity,and incorporating the improvement and protection of bird diversity into the design concept of urban park planning and enhancement design,has profound significance for protecting urban bird resources.This study takes urban parks in the main urban area of Nanjing as the research object,and investigates the bird communities and park habitats of park green spaces from March 2022 to March 2023.Summarize and organize the results of on-site bird community research,summarize the characteristics of bird resources in urban parks,analyze their ecological habits and habitat needs,and combine the habitat unit mapping method to divide green space habitats based on the horizontal coverage of park green space landscape,vertical structure of vegetation,terrain slope,etc.Quantify the relationship between park green space habitat characteristics and bird community characteristics,and conduct correlation analysis,Screening important influencing factors through multiple regression and establishing regression models to clarify the impact of park habitat characteristics on bird distribution and habitat selection.Finally,from the perspective of birds,strategies and measures for habitat optimization and improvement are explored,in order to provide theoretical basis and practical methods for improving habitat quality and bird diversity in urban parks in the future.The main research results and conclusions are as follows:1.This survey recorded a total of 10 orders,30 families,and 61 species of birds,mainly in the order Passeriformes and resident birds;The composition of the flora is characterized by the mutual infiltration of the Paleozoic and Oriental species,which is in line with the unique geographical characteristics of Nanjing;The ecological group is mainly composed of songbirds;The main types of bird feeding are omnivorous and insectivorous;The main feeding method is picking;Breeding birds mainly nest in the canopy and branches,mainly in the upper and middle layers of trees.2.The overall habitat composition types of parks in the main urban area of Nanjing are rich,with vegetation configuration mainly consisting of a composite structure of trees and shrubs.The abundance and diversity of micro habitats are high,and the degree of heterogeneity of habitat structure is high.However,there are situations where habitat diversity is low due to small terrain changes and single vegetation structure configuration.3.The research results show that there are significant differences in the distribution of bird populations in different habitats,and the characteristics of park green spaces significantly affect bird diversity.In terms of the horizontal structure of habitat,the bird abundance and richness are the highest in woodland and shrub habitat,and the broad-leaved forest is the highest in woodland.The coverage of coniferous forest and shrub layer are significantly positively correlated with bird diversity;From the perspective of the vertical structure of habitat vegetation,the tree layer records the highest abundance and richness of birds,while the multi-layer forest vegetation structure with tree shrub grass structure has a higher number of bird species;From the perspective of habitat landscape pattern index,the degree of habitat fragmentation has a significant impact on bird diversity.4.Based on the above research,according to the systems theory and ecological theory,this paper discusses the urban park landscape improvement design strategy from the perspective of birds.First of all,from the macro level,the design principles for improving the habitat space are proposed to control the design strategy at the meso level.The characteristics of bird habitat are summarized from the three aspects of the horizontal structure,vertical structure and landscape pattern of the habitat.Based on this,the planning of suitable habitat for birds,construction of close to natural plant community,maintenance and restoration of the natural shoreline of the park water body,and construction of bird protection facilities are started,Implement the near naturalization transformation of urban park green space habitats.Based on the results of field research,the research results clarify the quantitative relationship between urban park green space habitat characteristics and bird diversity,explore the strategies of park green space upgrading and transformation from the perspective of birds,provide an important theoretical basis for the near naturalization transformation of urban habitat,and provide a reference for the cross integration of landscape architecture and ornithology.