Research On Pricing Strategy Of Railway Freight Transport

In recent years,the proportion of railway freight in the total social freight has been decreasing year by year.In 2018,China launched the policy of "transit railway".The policy was launched to "win the battle for blue sky defense," but it also indirectly indicates that railway freight has weaker competitiveness compared to highway freight,there is still a large gap between the railway freight volume and the road freight volume.This is not only conducive to increasing the benefits of railway freight transport,promoting the maximization of benefits for transport enterprises and shippers,and speeding up the development of railway freight,but also conducive to improving the market share of railway freight,increasing the volume of railway freight,improving the market competitiveness of railway freight,and more conducive to supporting the railway transport enterprises to formulate the theory of adapting to the competitive market price.Based on the research background and practical significance,combined with existing research results at home and abroad and problems to be improved,the research work of this paper is as follows:First of all,the paper analyzes the competition situation of our railway freight market.The analysis result shows that the biggest competitor of railway freight is road freight.Then,it analyzes the characteristics and pricing status of road freight and compares the pricing method of existing railway freight.It also points out that lack of competition mechanism,organization of transportation and management mechanism of railway freight transportation are not advanced enough.Secondly,the paper introduces the relevant theories of game theory,and sorts out the stakeholders of freight market,namely transport managers,transport enterprises,freight owners(customers),whose purpose is to achieve the maximum benefit of their own.This paper analyzes the game relationship between them,including not only the game between transport managers and transport enterprises outside the stakeholders,transport enterprises and customers,but also the game between transport enterprises,namely road transport and railway transport.In these three pairs of game relations,the information between transport managers and transport enterprises is not equal,and the transport managers may take excessive administrative orders.Therefore,only the game relations between transport enterprises and customers,highway transport and railway transport are considered in the model establishment later.Then,the paper establishes a two-layer programming game model.The upper layer takes the income maximization of each transport enterprise as the objective function,and the objective function considers penalty cost,operation cost and safety cost.The lower layer takes the minimum generalized travel cost of shippers as the objective function,considers the factors affecting the travel cost of shippers as economy,speediness,on-time and safety,quantifies the influencing factors,establishes the travel utility function of shippers based on Logit model,and determines the generalized travel cost function.A two-layer programming game model belonging to the dynamic game with complete information is established comprehensively.Sensitivity analysis method can be used to solve the derivative of the solution,and the solution idea and specific solution steps are given.Finally,this paper takes Xi ’an--Chengdu special line enterprise as an example,and calibrates the parameters in the double-layer programming game model,and verifies the model and solution method by using MATLAB software,and obtains the equilibrium solution of the transport price of the two modes of transport,which proves the adaptability of the model and solution method.According to the results obtained,the paper gives some suggestions on the pricing strategy of railway freight and provides reference for the implementation of pricing strategy of railway freight.