Study On Characteristics Of Cultural Landscape In Fengjian Village

The geographical changes of the Pearl River Delta and the developed water network have created the environment of Lingnan water village.Shunde is an important part of Lingnan water town.In the past,the economic industry is mainly commercial agriculture,and the market trade is developed,forming the unique charm of Lingnan water town cultural landscape heritage.Fengjian Village is a typical representative of Shunde water village.It was once praised as the first water village in Lingnan by Professor Ruan Yisan,and it retains many cultural characteristics of Lingnan water village.Taking Fengjian Village as the research object,the paper analyzes the spatial morphological characteristics of the village,tries to extract the elements of the cultural landscape of the water town,and summarizes the characteristics of its cultural landscape system.The terrain of Fengjian village is mainly alluvial plain.Under the natural action of silt alluvial and the man-made action of reclamation of Sha Tin,the terrain of the village presents the characteristics of interwoven land and water,and rich water network.At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty,Li,Liu,Liang,Li and other clans moved in from the north.Fengjian population began to grow rapidly.Clans with the same surname mainly lived together in a way of gathering,forming a compact group of each clan.Therefore,the overall spatial layout of villages presents a multi-group layout along the water system with the river surge as the boundary.The interior of the cluster presents a comb layout guided by ancestral halls.The hierarchical structure of streets and alleys is divided into main streets,secondary alleys and cross-alleys into houses,with regular texture and vertical access to the river.Outside the residential cluster,the bridge and the market are distributed,each with its own range of services.The cultural landscape of Fengjian Village is a life picture jointly constructed by material elements such as settlements and buildings and non-material elements such as folk custom and cultural life,which is a comprehensive reflection of Lingnan water town culture.The physical elements mainly include natural basement such as water system and river swell,artificial structures such as embankments and sluice sinuses,buildings,streets,markets,Bridges and water ports.The non-material elements mainly include festivals,ancestor worship,and large-scale folk activities such as dragon boat race and dragon mother’s birthday.According to the attributes of various elements and their functions in the life landscape,the cultural landscape elements of Fengjian Village can be summed up into three levels,and landscape nodes are connected together to build a complete cultural landscape system,including public space and public buildings as the main landscape nodes,water folk customs as the medium of the landscape corridor and water network as the connection of the landscape network.The cultural landscape nodes are composed of ancestral halls,temples and Bridges.The public Spaces and buildings along the waterfront and river are visual representations of the communities of different clans living by the water.In various festivals,wandering gods and other folk activities,ancestral halls,temples and Bridges are important activity Spaces,constructing the cultural landscape of the first level.The cultural landscape corridor is mainly constructed by the moving lines of two folk activities: dragon boat race and Dragon Mother’s Birthday.The cultural landscape corridor shares the village river channel and the big banyan tree logo,connects the village public building units,takes the temple and bridge as the two nodes,defines the development path of various folk activities in the village,and strengthens the villagers’ collective cognition of the village.The cultural landscape network mainly includes agriculture,commerce and human settlements.The agricultural cultural landscape network takes the large area of the base pond surrounding the village as the main space and the dam sinus as the landmark node to present the industrial picture of the mulberry base fish pond.The commercial and cultural landscape network takes quay and market as the main space and extends outside important streets and buildings,including Bridges,big banyan trees and other landmarks.The landscape network of human settlement culture is mainly composed of streets,dwellings,ancestral halls and temples.Buildings are spatial nodes,streets are connective veins,and waterways are the boundaries and connective veins of clusters.As the link connecting various cultural landscape networks,the bridge and port carried by the waterway are important traffic nodes in the life of the water town,showing multifunctional uses,closely connecting all kinds of landscape networks together,and jointly forming the distinctive characteristics of Lingnan water town cultural landscape.