| Since the reform and opening up,China has made remarkable achievements in the field of health reform and development,and the people’s health level has been continuously improved,and "Healthy China" has been elevated to an important part of the national strategy.However,due to the rapid progress of industrialisation and urbanisation in China,the urban environment has undergone rapid change,especially in recent years,urban air pollution and unreasonable industrial structure have become increasingly prominent,inducing and aggravating a series of diseases such as respiratory and cardiopulmonary systems.Since the 1990 s,respiratory diseases have become one of the most important factors leading to illness and death of urban and rural residents,and have been on the rise in the past 20 years,which has negatively affected the health of residents and caused serious health challenges in cities,and urban environment and public health have received wide attention.At the same time,the discipline of urban and rural planning has begun to focus on public health.Existing studies have investigated the impact of urban built environment,especially indoor space,on respiratory diseases,but the research and practice of healthy urban planning in China’s urban context is still in its infancy.To this end,based on the evaluation of the respiratory health of the urban built environment,the effects of urban built environment on respiratory diseases is discussed,and the spatial elements of built environment and the direction of impact are clarified,so that urban planning practitioners can improve and optimize urban built environment through planning,and thus create a good respiratory environment for urban and rural residents.Based on 12 blocks in Yuhui District,Bengbu City,this paper conducts relevant research with the data of deaths from respiratory diseases during 2016-2020.Firstly,we analysed the baseline characteristics of the samples.Secondly,we employed statistical analysis and spatial autocorrelation techniques to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of respiratory disease deaths from 2016 to 2020.Then,Spearman correlation assessment model and geographic detector model were used to explore the factors and characteristics of built environment that significantly affected respiratory system health,and to reveal the factors affecting mortality risk and their mechanisms.Finally,with the goal of promoting respiratory health,specific spatial optimization strategies for urban built environment are proposed in urban planning and design practice for four aspects: land use,road traffic,spatial form and blue-green space.The study found that 1)From the basic characteristics of the population,males had a significantly higher rate of respiratory disease mortality than females;the majority of deaths were among the elderly(≥ 60 years old),and retired persons were the main type of people who died from respiratory diseases in the type of work.2)From the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics,in 2016-2020,the growth rate of respiratory disease deaths reached the peak growth ratio in 2017,and 2020 was the fastest deceleration year.The number of deaths from respiratory diseases in winter and spring is relatively high,31.45% and 23.43% respectively;the spatial distribution of the population of deaths from respiratory diseases has an obvious spatial aggregation pattern,with the main range of deaths in the neighborhood YH07 and YH08,and the two units account for 78.61% of the total number of deaths.3)From the detection of the factors affecting the urban built environment on respiratory health,12 of the 14 factors were strongly correlated with the mortality rate of respiratory diseases.There was a significant positive correlation among the three built environment factors,which were traffic facility density,tobacco and alcohol facility density and catering facility density from high to low.There was a significant negative correlation among the nine factors affecting the built environment.From low to high,they were floor area ratio,distance to park,residential density,distance to trunk road,normalized vegetation index(NDVI),road intersection density,distance to river,distance to industry,and road network density.However,there was no correlation between building density and POI function mix and respiratory disease mortality.4)Referring to the assessment of factors that impact the urban built environment on respiratory health,land use,road traffic,spatial form and blue and green space all had significant effects on the spatial distribution of respiratory disease mortality,with 12 influencing factors having significant effects.The core factor is the residential density,and the remaining influencing factors with more than 20% influence are,from strong to weak,Proximity to main roads >Proximity to industry > Proximity to rivers.In addition,compared with the single factor,all detection factors have synergistic enhanced effects on the spatial differentiation characteristics of respiratory disease mortality in Yuhui District of Bengbu City after interaction,and most of them have influence of more than 50%.The study integrates the empirical results to explore the spatial optimization strategies of urban built environment for respiratory health,focusing on four aspects of land use,road traffic,spatial form and blue-green space in the scope of this study,so that urban planning practitioners can consider respiratory health factors in design and planning to improve and optimize the urban built environment.Figure [24] table[8] reference[105]... |
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