| The Tunbao settlements along the Songmao Ancient Road originated from the Weisuo system and the Tuntian system of the Ming Dynasty.In order to ensure the rule of Northwest Sichuan,the fortification and garrison activities along the Songmao Ancient Road almost ran through the entire Ming Dynasty,and the Qing Dynasty was still in the Ming Dynasty.The remaining Guanbao was garrisoned.As a Tunpu settlement with a history of more than 600 years,under the influence of modern culture,the settlement is gradually modernized,and the castle that once stood on the banks of the Minjiang River has gradually disappeared over the years.With the rapid development of my country’s economy,the ancient villages are also rapidly disappearing.In order to protect the rural cultural heritage,my country has successively announced six batches of protection lists of traditional Chinese villages.The Tunpu settlement is still in the process of being neglected and gradually dying out.Through the comprehensive cognition of the development status and historical evolution of the Tunpu settlements along the Songmao Ancient Road,this paper tries to understand the spatial distribution pattern,site selection characteristics,spatial form and evolution process of the Tunpu settlements,and clarify the culture of the Tunpu settlements.Value,providing basic support for its subsequent protection and development.To this end,the following four parts of qualitative and quantitative research are mainly carried out:(1)Through combing the changes of military establishments and social functions along the Songmao Ancient Road in the past dynasties,it is concluded that the Songmao Ancient Road in ancient times had important functions of transportation,military defense,commercial economy,and cultural exchange in Northwest Sichuan.Its important geographical location and social The function reflects the background and practical necessity of the central government building forts and stationing troops along the Ming and Qing Dynasties.By sorting out the key historical nodes in the formation and development of Tunpu settlements,the development stages of Tunpu settlements are divided into four main stages: from the tenth year of Hongwu period in the Ming Dynasty to the end of Ming Dynasty,from the beginning of Qing Dynasty to the middle of Qing Dynasty,from the end of Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,and from the founding of New China to the present.stage.On the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the formation and development process of Tunpu settlements,the current situation of Tunpu settlements along the Songmao Ancient Road was sorted out through field research,and some military relics from the Ming and Qing Dynasties were sorted out.(2)Analyzing from the perspective of the macro defense area,the settlements of Tunpu were centered on the guard post and distributed along rivers and arteries of communication;Analyzing from the perspective of military settlements in the middle view,the hillside and gentle slope-type fortress settlements focus on relying on the heights to gain a good view,and are easy to defend and difficult to attack;the valley-river-type fortress settlements focus on guarding valleys and transportation hubs,with mountains and rivers as barriers,the terrain is narrow on the outside and wide on the inside.In order to meet the production and living needs of military households,Tunpu settlements are mostly located in areas with undulating and gentle terrain,good slope aspect,slope and water source conditions.On the one hand,the occupation of livable land resources met the needs of military households for long-term defense in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and on the other hand,it also established resource advantages for the subsequent development and evolution of Tunpu settlements.(3)By comparing the morphological data of typical Tunpu settlements in 1969 and 2019,it is concluded that the spatial form of typical Tunpu settlements from before the reform and opening up to the modernization development stage is mainly group-like and band-like to finger-like,and the settlement boundaries tend to be broken The settlement center tends to be discretized.From 1980 to2020,the analysis of the landscape pattern characteristics of settlements and cultivated land patches along the Songmao Ancient Road,the characteristics of land use evolution,the distribution characteristics of the buffer zone of the Songmao Ancient Road,and the characteristics of kernel density show that the expansion of settlement scale since the reform and opening up is due to The attractiveness of traffic lines and economic and cultural centers in the region to the population;and the current situation of narrow,small-scale,and discrete distribution of livable land on the natural base lead to the expansion of the spatial form of settlements in a finger-like manner after being pulled by traffic.(4)The coupling driving mechanism of the Tunpu settlement evolution process is constructed from the four main levels of natural environment elements,historical development background,location and traffic conditions,and modern social economy.The combination and interaction of the four factors in the settlement development process is the core driving force in the settlement evolution mechanism.The natural environment elements are the basic conditions for the formation and development of the spatial pattern of Tunpu settlements.Compatibility determines the initial spatial location of Tunpu settlements,and is the material basis for the development of Tunpu settlements.The background of historical development determines the initial personnel composition of the settlement,and defines the initial spatial form of the settlement under the influence of the official functions of the settlement.Afterwards,under the influence of immigration activities,the settlement space grows;the social turmoil in the historical background leads to the settlement The decline of the Tunpu settlement accelerated the disintegration of the military functions of the Tunpu settlements;natural disasters directly led to the destruction of some Tunpu settlements and the reconfiguration of space.The location and transportation conditions have an impact on the spatial distribution pattern of the Tunpu settlement,which enhances the exchange of materials and energy between the Tunpu settlement and the external environment,and after entering the stage of modern development,the development of the Tunpu settlement is based on safety and land fertility.The development orientation of the city is shifted to more convenient traffic conditions.After entering the stage of modern development,the state’s policy support has driven the development of the settlement economy,laying the economic foundation for the renewal and expansion of the settlement,while the attractiveness of the industrial economy to the population has promoted the expansion of the settlement scale.In addition,the ethnic population and regional culture in the settlement mainly act on the internal space of the settlement,which has a weak influence on the spatial pattern and morphological evolution of the settlement. |
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