Research On Spatial Form And Architectural Characteristics Of Longmen Ancient Town In Fuyang

Longmen Ancient Town has a profound patriarchal cultural background.There are a large number of traditional buildings in the Ming and Qing dynasties.Its spatial form is deeply affected by the patriarchal blood culture.It was listed in the fourth batch of Chinese historical and cultural towns in 2008,the first batch of Chinese traditional villages in 2012,and the fifth batch of key villages for the protection and utilization of historical and cultural villages in Zhejiang Province in 2017.It is a typical representative of the blood traditional villages in Jiangnan region.Longmen Ancient Town has strong regional characteristics in terms of history and culture,spatial pattern and architectural form.When studying its spatial form,it is particularly important to excavate the historical and cultural background behind it.Through the collation and summary of relevant data and the field survey and mapping of the ancient town,the systematic analysis of the spatial form and architectural characteristics of the ancient town is the main contribution of this paper.This paper is a basic research on the spatial form of Longmen Ancient Town in Fuyang.Firstly,the paper determines the object and content of the study,combs the research status of ancient towns at home and abroad and the research related to Longmen Ancient Town,and clarifies the research background,purpose and significance of this paper.Then it introduces the natural and cultural environment of Longmen Ancient Town,including geographical location,climate characteristics,natural resources,historical evolution,clan culture,folk customs,etc.The ancient town of Longmen is close to the mountains and rivers.The abundant rain and sufficient light make the buildings of the ancient town closely connected,showing the characteristics of sloping roofs,large eaves and narrow streets.At the same time,Longmen has a long history and is the largest gathering place of Sun Quan’s descendants.It has a legacy of the Sun clan that has lasted for thousands of years,and its literary style is prosperous.Next is the core part of the paper,which is to divide the spatial form of Longmen Ancient Town into the overall spatial form and the architectural spatial form,and analyze them respectively.The overall space form is a description of the overall shape characteristics of Longmen.This paper,starting from the historical background,analyzes the important influencing factors in the formation process of the overall shape of the ancient town,analyzes the reasons for the formation of the overall space form of Longmen Ancient Town and its location and layout from the three aspects of geomantic concept,survival factors,and clan culture,and analyzes the evolution of the overall space form from the three aspects of point origin,line extension,and plane generation.On the basis of believing in geomantic omen and conforming to nature,Sun’s ancestors in Longmen formed an orderly and tight local settlement space production system in accordance with clan laws and regulations,and created a "hall combined courtyard" with unique Longmen characteristics.The study of architectural space form mainly includes the current situation and distribution of architecture,architectural plane form,analysis of key buildings,architectural technical characteristics and architectural decoration art.This paper analyzes the current situation of the ancient town architecture from three aspects: the nature of the building,the quality of the building,and the age of the building,studies the architectural layout characteristics of the ancient town affected by the geographical location and the clan culture,and analyzes the plane shape and spatial characteristics of the store-house architecture and the hall and house compound courtyard in the ancient town of Longmen.The hall and house compound courtyard is the gathering place of one house and one branch of the Sun clan in Longmen,The form of halls and courtyards can be divided into "well" type and "hui" type,which better preserves the architectural characteristics of the Ming and Qing dynasties.Taking Yuqingtang,Siyuan Hall,Shide Hall,Yimen Memorial Archway and other representative traditional architectural relics in Longmen Ancient Town as examples,this paper analyzes their historical origin,plane layout,structural characteristics,decorative art,load-bearing structural system and architectural details.Most hall buildings in Longmen Ancient Town adopt the construction method of combining the bucket type with the beam type,that is,the wooden structure system in the center of the hall adopts the beam type structure system,and the gable adopts the bucket type structure system.In terms of architectural details,the hard mountain-style roof and the fire-sealing gable with rich forms form a rhythmic skyline of the ancient town.In terms of architectural decoration art,Longmen’s wood,stone and brick carving art is rich in traditional culture and has a strong flavor of life.It involves a wide range of subjects and techniques,which is amazing;The plaques and couplets in Longmen Ancient Town are concise and comprehensive,with profound ideas.Most of them are imperial examinations,loyalty and filial piety,clean and honest government,family legacy,love and harmony,etc.Finally,based on the analysis and summary of the previous article,the comprehensive value of Longmen Ancient Town is fully understood,the problems faced by Longmen Ancient Town are clarified according to the relevant research data and results,the protection principles of authenticity,integrity and sustainability are defined,and the reasonable protection and development strategies for the overall layout,buildings and structures,and intangible cultural heritage of Longmen Ancient Town are proposed.