Study On Pollinator Garden Design And Plant Community Construction

Factors such as climate change,urbanization and pesticides are having a serious impact on pollinator populations.Pollinator garden,as a kind of garden with beautiful landscapes and good experiences,provides habitat spaces for pollinators and has great ecological benefits.Its promotion and application are of great benefit to promote harmonious coexistence between human and nature,also to protect biodiversity.Countries such as the United States have evolved frameworks for governments,communities and citizens.A large number of florically-rich pollinator gardens have been created,protected or restored in urban and rural areas.At present,the research on pollinator gardens in China is still in the early stage,and the public’s awareness of pollinating insect diversity protection is relatively weak.Based on the current situation in China,pollinator gardens,as a landscape construction form with great application potential,need to be further studied and applied.China has a large number of resources available for pollinator habitat,suitable for large-scale promotion of pollinator garden construction,not only can enrich the types of green,but also has great value for the development of agriculture.Firstly,based on the analysis of a large number of domestic and foreign literature,the basic theory of pollinator garden is summarized,and the history and development status of pollinator garden in the United States and Europe was analyzed.The concept and connotation of pollinator garden were expounded,and its four ecological benefits in protecting biodiversity,improving agricultural economy,providing landscape aesthetics and health value,and maintaining ecological balance were described.At the same time,the unique application value of pollinator garden in citizen science,including public participation,big data application and public activities was explored.Secondly,the theoretical system of pollinating garden was studied,and the design concept of pollinator garden was summarized by combining with the guidance documents of pollinator garden or habitat design abroad,including the landscape characteristics,evaluation system,specific classification and design principles of pollinating garden.The planning and design layout of pollinator garden were discussed,and the selection of plants in pollinator garden was analyzed.In addition,five typical pollinator gardens of different land types in the United States were taken as examples to illustrate their design features and construction achievements in popular science education,habitat construction,biological behavior adaptation,etc.These included the Smithsonian Garden,Texas Discovery Garden,Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden,The Art for a Cause Pollinator Garden,and Wine Country Pollinator Garden.Thirdly,experimental plots were set up in Shanghai Botanical Garden and Century Park to investigate the relationship between different plant species and pollinator visiting behavior.By observing the relationship between the visiting behavior of different species of flowering plants to insects in summer,it was observed that the visiting degree of Apis cerana to Helianthus annuus was significant.The extent of visiting Verbena officinalis by Pieris rapae was significant.The floral visiting behavior of pollinators was different among different plant types.By observing the relationship between different species and colors of flowering plants in wildflower meadow and the visiting behavior of Apis cerana,it was observed that Apis cerana tended to visit Centaurea cyanus rather than Sanvitalia procumbens,and tended to visit red Centaurea cyanus rather than blue Centaurea cyanus.Both plant species and color had significant effects on pollinator visiting behavior.Finally,different habitats in Fengxian Campus of Shanghai Institute of Technology were selected to design community patterns of pollinator gardens,and specific ways of planting and management were proposed.The pollinator communities adapted to different habitats include perennial root flowering plant community,flowering shrub and flowering meadow.This study provides a basis and reference for the construction of pollinator gardens in China by combining theory with practice.