| The flue-cured tobacco planting area and yield are the highest in the world.Fujian is one of the main high quality flue-cured tobacco producing areas in China.Longyan is the dominant area of tobacco production in Fujian Province.At present,The fertilizer production cost is too high and the application effect is too low because of the high proportion of nitrate nitrogen,the large proportion of ammonium phosphate and the higher proportion of filling material(clay red soil).In this study,based on the existing special fertilizer for Longyan flue-cured tobacco(N:P2O5:K2O=10:7:21),the fertilizer composition was adjusted and 15 new formulas were set.The existing Longyan flue-cured special fertilizer was used as a control 2(CK2),and existing Longyan flue-cured special fertilizer without filler(not granulate)as a control 1(CK1),a total of 17 treatments were set up.The composition of special fertilizers for flue-cured tobacco in Longyan was adjusted-replacing parts of monoammonium phosphate by Calcium,magnesium and phosphate fertilizers,applying with carbamide for supplement of reduced nitrogen,replacing the red earth filling material with biomass carbon.In order to get a new formula of special fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco yield,output value and internal quality,the physical and chemical properties of the new formula in the storage process were determined,8 new formulations were selected for pot experiment and 5 new formulations for field experiment.The main results are as follows:1.The evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of 17 new formula fertilizer fertilizers for Longyan flue-cured tobacco showed that the pH of formula CK2(existing flue-cured fertilizer)was 5.23-5.24,while treatment of 1-4[new formula blended fertilizer(10%-50%ammonium phosphate and replacing nitric phosphate with calcium,magnesium,phosphorus,using urea for the supplement of reduced nitrogen)were 4.44-4.88,formula 5-7(2.5%-10%Carbonized chaff substitute fillers)were 4.74-4.85,formula 8-15(10%-50%ammonium phosphate and replacing nitric phosphate with calcium,magnesium,phosphorus,using urea for the supplement of reduced nitrogen,replacing potassium sulfate with 3%potassium chloride,adding 2.5%-5%biomass carbon)were 5.36-5.72.During the fertilizer storage period(December 1,2015 to July 30,2016),the weight gain range of each fertilizer was 26.83g-141.77g in May.The weight gain of the 8-15 formula fertilizer was less than that of the control treatment(CK1 and CK2).The change of fertilizer weight was small,the hygroscopicity was small,and the caking rate was relatively small.2.According to the pot experiment,formula 8-15 with good physicochemical traits,less hygroscopicity,relatively small agglomeration rate and small changes in effective nutrients were selected for Pot experiments:Compared with the existing Longyan flue-cured tobacco special fertilizer(CK2),the growth potential of tobacco plants with A(formula 8),C(formula 10),D(formula 11)and G(formula 14)was strong,and the biological yield was higher.they were 33.15g/strain,34.99g/strain,32.58g/strain and 33.64g/strain respectively,and the dry weight of whole plant was significantly different from that of CK2.The nitrogen use efficiency of tobacco plants treated with A and C was 41.58%and 43.73%respectively.The utilization rates of C,D and G to the tobacco plants were 8.72%,7.94%and 7.44%respectively.The utilization rates of B,C and D for tobacco plants were higher than those of tobacco plants,which were 36.57%,39.75%and 36.82%respectively.3.On the basis of the pot experiment,five new formulations were selected for field trials at the Yongding District Tobacco Test Station and Shanghang County Tobacco Test Station(represented by the formula of Ta,Tb,Tc,Td and Te),with the existing flue-cured fertilizer For the control(CK2),the existing flue-cured fertilizer without filler(not granulate)as a control(CK1).The results were obtained:The yield per unit area of Tc in Yongding experimental site was higher than that of 2598.9kg/ha.The output value of the unit area is higher than that of treating Tc and treating Td.The output value of the unit area is 72927.45 yuan per hectare,72956.85 yuan per hectare,and the difference of the output value of the control CK1 reaches a significant level.The total sugar range of different parts of Yongding tobacco was 30.78%-36.24%,the range of reducing sugar was 26.84%-30.76%,the ratio of sugar to alkali ratio was 9.84%-16.85%,and the content was high.The results of Shanghang trial showed that the unit area production and output value of Td were higher than those of 2595.15kg/hectare and 46379.10 yuan/ha.However,the difference between formula(except for Tb formula)was also not significant.The total sugar range of different parts of Shanghang tobacco was 28.21%-38.91%,the range of reducing sugar was 23.43%-32.55%,the range of nicotine was in 1.39%-4.48%,and the content of the nicotine was high.To sum up,the ammonium phosphate(nitrate phosphate)of 10%-30%in phosphate fertilizer is changed into calcium and magnesium phosphate,the reduced nitrogen is provided with urea,3%potassium chloride(instead of potassium sulphate)and 5%biomass carbon are added,the tobacco plant grows well,and the yield and output value of tobacco leaves are high. |
