Profit And Loss Analysis And Optimization Research Of Cultivated Land Utilization In Heilongjiang Province From The Perspective Of Food Security And Ecological Security

As an important grain-producing area in my country,the utilization of cultivated land resources in Heilongjiang Province is related to the overall development of the country and the basic life of the people.Mastering the changing trend of the pattern of cultivated land resources in Heilongjiang Province and understanding the profit and loss of cultivated land resource utilization from the perspectives of food security and ecological security is of great significance for ensuring the security of agricultural development and promoting the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources in Heilongjiang Province.Therefore,the study takes Heilongjiang Province as the research area,and uses the combination of ArcGIS spatial overlay and zonal statistics to analyze the evolution process of the temporal and spatial pattern of cultivated land resources and grain yield from 2000 to 2020.Through the minimum per capita cultivated land area model and ecological footprint model,this paper explores the profit and loss of cultivated land supply and demand and cultivated land ecological profit and loss from different perspectives,and makes a comprehensive analysis of the profit and loss of cultivated land utilization in Heilongjiang Province and all cities.Finally,on this basis,the paper divides the reasonable scale range of sustainable utilization development in the future,and provides a scientific direction for the follow-up development of cultivated land utilization in Heilongjiang Province.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the spatial and temporal pattern evolution of cultivated land resources and grain output in Heilongjiang Province showed a continuous upward trend.The cultivated land area increased from 907.7×104hm2 to 1491×104hm2.The circulation of cultivated land in various cities has been increasing in space,and after 2015,the development trend of cultivated land in the whole province has been remarkable;The province’s total grain output increased from 2545.1×107kg to 7540.8×107kg.The average annual grain output of each city generally showed an increasing trend,and there were always obvious regional differences.In the past 20 years,the center of arable land resources and grain production in Heilongjiang has shown an overall movement from southwest to northeast,and the shift of grain production is more obvious than that of arable land resources.(2)From 2000 to 2020,the change in profit and loss of cultivated land supply and demand in Heilongjiang Province generally showed a continuous upward trend,and the coefficient of profit and loss of cultivated land supply and demand increased from 43.17%to 84.02%.Over the past 20 years,it has always maintained a surplus of cultivated land supply.Spatially,it is mainly concentrated in two surplus central areas centered on Qiqihar City in the west and Jiamusi City in the east.The ecological profit and loss changes of cultivated land in Heilongjiang Province showed a trend of fluctuating deterioration as a whole.The ecological profit and loss coefficient of cultivated land dropped from-65.17%to-96.57%.The ecological deficit has been in the state for the past 20 years.Severely overloaded areas are mainly concentrated in urban agglomerations centered on Harbin in the central and southern parts of the country,which have basically been in a state of ecological deficit for the past 20 years.(3)The comprehensive profit and loss value of cultivated land utilization in Heilongjiang Province dropped from-0.03 to-0.2.The changes and fluctuations were obvious,and the overall situation of cultivated land utilization was not optimistic.The spatial situation of comprehensive profit and loss of cultivated land utilization has improved in the later stage of the study,and the area of high-quality cultivated land area has expanded,mainly distributed in the southern part of the province;the cultivated land damaged area covered a wide area in the early stage of the study,and was mainly distributed in the northeast and central and western regions of the province in the later stage.(4)Based on the leading principle of comprehensive profit and loss results,the guiding principle of main function and the principle of hierarchy,the sustainable utilization and development approach of cultivated land in Heilongjiang Province is planned,and the province is divided into three regions:stability and efficiency maintenance area,potential and expansion area and rectification and optimization area.The stability maintenance and efficiency increase area should reasonably adjust the utilization intensity of cultivated land to ensure the sustainable development of cultivated land;to tap the potential and expand the new area,we should explore the potential of cultivated land utilization by expanding the new agricultural development path and optimizing the agricultural production structure;the primary purpose of the rectification and optimization area should be to ensure the ecological security of cultivated land,strive to improve the quality of cultivated land,reasonably carry out ecological conversion,and realize the future sustainable development on the basis of maintaining the ecological security of cultivated land.