| Forestry is an important part of the national economy and agriculture in a broad sense,and it plays an irreplaceable role in safeguarding the ecological environment and maintaining economic operation.At the same time,the frequent occurrence of natural disasters has hindered the development of forestry economy.As an important barrier to protect forest resources,forestry insurance can improve the forestry disaster risk management system and transfer and disperse its risks in the process of production and operation.In 1984,my country carried out the pilot work of forestry insurance for the first time,but the effect was not satisfactory,and the development of forestry insurance was relatively slow.In view of the nature of forestry insurance as a quasi-public goods,in order to support its development,the Chinese government launched the pilot work of forestry insurance premium subsidy in 2009 and gradually extended the policy to cover the whole country,which promoted the rapid development of forestry insurance.At present,the total premium income of forestry insurance in my country has increased from 253 million yuan in 2008 to5.796 billion yuan in 2019,and has gradually changed from the past quantitative expansion to a high-quality development path.On October 9,2019,the four departments jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-quality Development of Agricultural Insurance".Basically reach the international advanced level,and realize a win-win pattern of efficient subsidies,guaranteed industries,farmers benefiting from benefits,and sustainable institutions.”Accordingly,on the basis of in-depth analysis of my country’s forestry insurance premium growth,compensation level,insurance types and regional structural characteristics and other factors,aiming at high-quality development,this paper selects from the three dimensions of subsidy efficiency,industrial security and institutional sustainability.Relevant indicators,measure the current development quality of my country’s forestry insurance and the level difference between provinces,and use the entropy method to calculate the weight of the threedimensional indicators,evaluate the comprehensive effect,analyze the differences between provinces,and finally explain the current situation.The main obstacles to the high-quality development of forestry insurance,and policy recommendations for promoting the high-quality development of forestry insurance in my country.This research is divided into eight parts for elaboration,and the specific research contents are as follows:The first chapter is the introduction.Firstly,the research background and research significance of this paper are explained.Secondly,the relevant literatures at home and abroad are sorted out.It is found that most of the domestic suggestions for the development of forestry insurance are based on the analysis of individual provinces,or only the effect of financial subsidies for forestry insurance is explored.Therefore,on the basis of evaluating the effect of financial subsidies in various provinces and cities,this paper conducts a comprehensive and comprehensive comparative analysis on the security effect of forestry industry and the sustainable perspective of management organizations in combination with high-subsidized forestry insurance.The second chapter is the theoretical basis for the development of policy forestry insurance.First,define the forestry insurance.The forestry insurance referred to in this paper only includes two categories: forest insurance,fruit and fruit tree insurance.The nature,goal and theoretical basis of policy forestry insurance are clarified,and its characteristics are compared with commercial forestry insurance.Secondly,it is stated that forestry insurance is an important tool to avoid risks,and forestry insurance,as a public good,needs the support of public finance in the process of production and operation,in order to realize the sustainable development of ecology,economy and society.Finally,according to the development goals of forestry insurance in 2030 established in the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the High-quality Development of Agricultural Insurance",the indicators and standards for the evaluation of the development effect of forest insurance,the main insurance types of forestry insurance,are expounded,and the evaluation of high-quality development of forest insurance is established.Three-dimensional index system,lead the full text.The third chapter is the overall development status and main characteristics of my country’s forestry insurance in recent three years.From the aspects of premium income,premium structure,and loss ratio,horizontal analysis and historical comparison between provinces are carried out,which lays the foundation for the indepth analysis later.The study found that the scale operation of forestry insurance in my country has achieved initial results,but the development is unbalanced among different provinces and cities.The amount of premium income depends on the inherent forest area of each province and city.difference.Due to the large differences in natural form and forest coverage in each province,relative indicators need to be used for further evaluation.The fourth chapter is the first dimension of the index system,the interprovincial comparison of the effects of financial subsidies for forest tree insurance.The influencing factors of forest insurance premium efficiency are analyzed from the two aspects of static efficiency value and dynamic efficiency change.Specifically,the DEA model is used to calculate the forest insurance premium subsidy efficiency of 25 provinces and cities in 2017-2019 from the perspective of input and output.,based on the empirical results of historical years growth analysis and inter-provincial comparative analysis,it is found that the comprehensive efficiency is increasing year by year,but the pure technical efficiency remains at a low level,and the proportion of subsidies in some provinces is unreasonable,resulting in redundant subsidy investment..Based on this,we calculated the Malmquist index from 2016 to 2019 and analyzed the dynamic changes of subsidy efficiency.The results found that the technical efficiency has improved,but it failed to make up for the negative impact of technological regression on total factor productivity.The progress and technical efficiency are analyzed in detail,and the conclusion shows that product innovation is the driving force for the increase of the efficiency of financial subsidies in the province of technological progress.The fifth chapter is the second and third dimension of the index system,the inter-provincial comparison of the forestry industry’s security effect and the management organization’s sustainability.The security effect of the forestry industry is evaluated from two aspects.The selected indicators are the security level and the security leverage.It is found that there are large differences in the industrial security effect between provinces.The forest security leverage has been steadily improved for three consecutive years,and the amplification effect of the central financial subsidy is obvious.However,there are also unreasonable phenomena in determining the amount of insurance.The sustainability of the operating organization is further divided into the business sustainability and the operating organization sustainability.Based on the combined analysis of the growth rate of forest insurance premiums and the loss rate of forest insurance for three consecutive years,it is found that the financial status of the operating organization is good,but there are problems in business growth.insufficient.The sixth chapter is the comprehensive effect evaluation and policy suggestion of the development of policy-based forestry insurance.Use the entropy method to comprehensively analyze the three dimensions,and calculate the five indicators:comprehensive efficiency,total factor productivity,guarantee leverage,institutional sustainability,and financial sustainability.Based on the comprehensive effect evaluation value,the study found that the development is uneven among provinces.The provinces and cities across the country are divided into three categories: good,moderate,and poor in terms of development effects.The analysis shows that the provinces that started the pilot earlier have relatively good performance,and the provinces that have poor comprehensive development effects of the forest insurance market are all in terms of subsidy scale or technological innovation.There are deficiencies,or multiple catastrophes lead to excessive compensation expenses.Based on this,policy recommendations to promote the high-quality development of policy-based forestry insurance are put forward.First,the government needs to clarify its own positioning and functions,provide policy support from multiple parties,improve the construction of market mechanisms,and guide the efficient operation of the market.Second,forestry insurance needs to establish an effective catastrophe risk dispersion system and improve the connection mechanism between various departments.Third,the financial subsidy mode should be optimized,the proportion of premium subsidies for fruit and fruit tree insurance premiums should be increased,and a differentiated subsidy mechanism should be provided for the operation of forest insurance in various provinces and cities.Fourth,the rates need to be reasonably determined from the perspectives of regions and types of insurance.Finally,it is also necessary to rationally design insurance types,innovate product supply forms,and gradually realize the transformation and upgrading of high-quality development of forestry insurance.The main research features and innovations of this paper are:(1)A comprehensive evaluation index system for the high-quality development of forestry insurance was constructed.Based on the development goals of agricultural insurance stated in the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Highquality Development of Agricultural Insurance",this paper innovatively constructs a multi-win-win perspective of efficient financial subsidies,guaranteed forestry industry,and sustainable institutional management.The comprehensive evaluation index system for evaluating the high-quality development effect of forestry insurance is evaluated from the two levels of total amount and weight.At the same time,the development needs of forestry insurance in the increment and quality improvement stages are considered,so that the analysis results are more scientific and comprehensive.(2)Put forward innovative viewpoints and suggestions to promote the highquality development of forestry insurance.The research found that in terms of subsidy efficiency,some provinces have low technical efficiency and scale efficiency of financial subsidies,redundant investment funds,and unreasonable premium subsidy capital structure and system design.The insurance premium subsidy adjustment mechanism will reduce the development gap between provinces and cities;in terms of institutional sustainability,the current insurance supply market is highly concentrated,forming a market pattern of "one superpower and many strong",which requires the government to introduce a competition mechanism to break monopoly,The situation of oligopolistic operation creates a favorable market environment for forestry insurance.In addition,in view of the frequent occurrence of catastrophic disasters in some provinces and cities,which makes it difficult for insurance companies to set aside profit reserves and their financial sustainability is relatively weak,a decentralization system for forestry insurance disasters should be established to gradually realize national overall planning of reserves and multi-channel sharing of major disasters.disaster risk.The above views and suggestions are innovative to a certain extent,and can provide important decision-making reference for my country’s forestry insurance to further move towards high-quality development. |
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