| Oat(Avena sativa L.)is an annual herb with high yield and rich nutritional value.Whole silage grass and hay can be used as excellent feed for all kinds of livestock.With the continuous development of animal husbandry industry,in order to meet the demand for forage yield,a large amount of chemical fertilizer will be put into planting,and the excessive use of chemical fertilizer will lead to the destruction of agricultural ecological environment and low utilization rate of fertilizer.The microbial fertilizer contains abundant microorganisms,which can not only improve the nutrients in plants,but also activate and supplement the nutrient elements lacking in soil,and create a good micro-ecological environment to promote the growth of crops.In this study,the excellent strains with nitrogen fixing,phosphorus solubilizing,potassium solubilizing and iron-producing characteristics screened by the laboratory were used to make compound microbial fertilizer,and the growth promoting effect of compound microbial fertilizer on oat was verified through two years of field experiment.The main results are as follows:1.Effects of compound microbial fertilizer on yield of oatThe strain combinations suitable for producing compound microbial fertilizer were screened by antagonistic reaction test and effective viable bacteria count test.The growth and yield of two different varieties of oat were measured by using the compound microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.At jointing stage,heading stage and maturity stage,the plant height,fresh weight and dry weight of the two oat species could be increased by single application of fungal fertilizer or combined application of fungal fertilizer compared with no fertilizer treatment.In 2020 to 2021,the maximum plant height of Baiyan No.7 at jointing stage,heading stage and maturity stage could reach62.33 to 90.22 cm,107.54 to 107.70 cm and 109.20 to 117.34 cm,respectively,after applying compound microbial fertilizer.The highest yield of fresh weight was 8302.86to 8517.62 kg/hm~2,13232.38 to 15787.14 kg/hm~2,14562.38 to 21390.95 kg/hm~2,respectively.The highest yield of dry weight was 1047.14 to 2246.19 kg/hm~2,3106.19to 4569.52 kg/hm~2and 4611.43 to 5630.48 kg/hm~2,respectively.In 2020 to 2021,the maximum plant height of Nongjing No.18 at jointing stage,heading stage and maturity stage could reach 75.81 to 89.00 cm,126.38 to 128.60 cm and 130.88 to 149.24 cm,respectively.The highest yield of fresh weight was 10010.95 to 12455.71 kg/hm~2,17408.57 to 21293.81 kg/hm~2and 20903.81 to 21456.19 kg/hm~2,respectively.The highest yield of dry weight was 1197.14 to 1474.29 kg/hm~2,3948.57 to 5245.71 kg/hm~2and 5295.24 to 6215.24 kg/hm~2,respectively.The effect of bacterial fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer was better than that of single bacterial fertilizer,which could achieve the effect of full chemical fertilizer.2.Effects of compound microbial fertilizer on quality of oatThe quality of two kinds of oat at maturity stage was analyzed.The results showed that in 2020-2021,the contents of crude protein,phosphorus,potassium and iron of Baiyan No.7 were increased by 3.36%to 64.07%,27.90%to 59.63%,2.08%to 42.34%and 32.52%to 62.33%,respectively,compared with those of the control group without fertilization.The contents of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber decreased by 1.53%to 20.15%and 2.08%to 9.99%,respectively.For Nongjing No.18,the contents of crude protein,phosphorus,potassium and iron were increased by 1.65%to30.62%,13.38%to 63.98%,1.33%to 56.54%and 27.61%to 65.16%,respectively,and the contents of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were decreased by 6.60%to 20.02%and 2.64%to 7.44%,respectively.Among them,the effect of bacterial fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer is better than that of single bacterial fertilizer,which can achieve the effect of applying total chemical fertilizer.3.Effects of compound microbial fertilizer on soil fertility of oatThe rhizosphere soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities of two oat species were analyzed.The results showed that in 2020-2021,the contents of organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of Baiyan No.7 were increased by 2.90%to 24.95%,17.50%to 45.12%,12.39%to 63.34%and 1.65%to 28.14%,respectively,compared with those of the control group without fertilization.The activities of urease,sucrase,catalase and phosphatase in soil increased by 9.52%to37.57%,3.95%to 25.01%,7.14%to 34.21%and 11.67%to 57.91%,respectively.For Nongjing No.18,the contents of organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 4.45%to 19.11%,16.28%to 44.19%,15.94%to53.58%and 3.75%to 29.50%,respectively.The activities of urease,sucrase,catalase and phosphatase in soil increased by 7.80%to 45.29%,6.72%to 19.90%,6.52%to34.78%and 13.84%to 46.53%,respectively.Among them,the effect of bacterial fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer is better than that of single bacterial fertilizer,and the effect of total chemical fertilizer can be achieved.4.Effects of compound microbial fertilizer on physiological characteristics of oatIn 2021,the physiological characteristics of oat treated with compound microbial fertilizer were analyzed.The results showed that for Baiyan No.7,compared with the control group,chlorophyll content,root activity,soluble protein,soluble sugar and proline content increased by 13.88%to 50.61%,31.66%to 75.25%,46.82 to 74.45%,23.00%to 64.77%,2.44%to 57.86%,respectively.For Nongjing No.18,chlorophyll content,root activity,soluble protein,soluble sugar and proline content were increased by 4.91 to 25.53%,19.21%to 81.05%,38.42%to 75.67%,30.31%to 72.20%,10.77%to 44.85%,respectively.The activity of antioxidant enzyme was increased and the content of malondialdehyde was decreased.The effect of fungal fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer was better than that of single fungal fertilizer. |
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