Research On The Effect Of Whole Plant Rice And Spent Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Substrate Co-fermented Feed In Feeding Liuyang Black Goats

Whole plant rice can be used as an important source of roughage for ruminants,but it due to the low storage carbohydrate content,the high content of neutral deter-gent fiber,acid detergent fiber and ash content,the quality of ordinary silage produced is poor and the rumen degradation rate of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber was lower than that of ordinary corn silage.The nutrient of spent mushroom substrate is better than that of crop straw.At the same time,the mushroom residue also contains a variety of biological enzymes.There had been many studies on the feed of spent mushroom substrate,but there were no research reports on the use of spent mushroom substrate as an enzyme source for the fermentation of other feed materials.This study was to evaluate the effect of whole plant rice and spent mushroom（Pleurotus os-treatus）substrate（SMS）co-fermented feed on Liuyang black goats,which provided further exploration of the value of spent mushroom substrate in feed and provided the theoretical basis for the research and development of the whole plant rice feed quality improvement processing and storage technology.The experiment was divided into three groups based on different diets.The test group consisted of 65%refined feed+35%whole plant rice and SMS co-fermented feed,control group 1 consisted of 65%refined feed+35%whole rice rice silage and control group 2 consisted of 65%refined+35%whole plant corn silage.27 healthy Liuyang black goats were according to the principle of the same sex and similar body weight（15.53±2.22）kg,and then randomly divided into three groups,each with 3replicates,each with 2 females and 1 male 3 goats,following 10 days for adaptation and 60 days for the trial itself.The growth performance,nutrient intake,apparent nutrient digestibility,blood physiological and biochemical indexes,rumen fermen-tation parameters and rumen microbial diversity were determined.After the experi-ment,5 goats with a similar average weight were selected from the test group and the control group 2 for slaughter.The slaughter performance,meat quality and organ in-dex were measured.The results were shown as follow:1.The ADG in test group was the highest,followed by control group 2,the lowest in control group 1.Among them,the ADG in test group was significantly higher than that in control group 1（P<0.05）.The F/G in test group was significantly lower than that in control group 1（P<0.05）.There was no significantly difference in DMI among the three groups.2.The apparent digestibility of GE and ADL in test group was significantly lower than that in control group 1（P<0.05）and the apparent digestibility of CP in control group 1 was significantly higher than that in control group 2（P<0.05）.The appar-ent digestibility of OM,EE,NDF and ADF was no significantly difference in each groups.3.The concentration of HGB in test group was significantly lower than that in control group 2（P<0.05）.The concentration of ALB in test group was significantly higher than that in control group 1（P<0.05）and the concentration of HDL-CH in test group and control group 1 was significantly higher than that in control group 2（P<0.05）.The ALP activity of test group was significantly higher than that of control group 1 and control group 2（P<0.05）.4.The TVFA concentration of control group 1 was significantly lower than that of control group 2（P<0.05）.The concentration of valerate in test group and control group1was significantly lower than control group 2（P<0.05）and the concentration of ace-tate and acetate to propionate in test group were significantly higher than control group 1 and control group 2（P<0.05）.There was no significant difference in rumen microbialα-diversity index among the three groups.The relative abundance of Bac-teroidetes and Actinobacteria in test group was significantly lower than that in control group 2（P<0.05）.The relative abundance of TM7 in test group and control group 2was significantly higher than that in control group 1（P<0.05）and the relative abun-dance of Fibrobacteres in test group and control group 1 was significantly lower than that in control group 2（P<0.05）.The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Teneri-cutes in test group was significantly higher than that in control group 1 and control group 2（P<0.05）.The relative abundance of Prevotella in test group was significantly lower than that of control group 1 and control group 2（P<0.05）and the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum in test group and control group 2 was significantly lower than that of control group 1.The relative abundance of Butyrivibrio in test group and control group 1 was significantly lower than that of control group 2.The relative abundance of Clostridium and Coprococcus in test group was significantly higher than that of control group 1 and control group 2（P<0.05）.5.The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides was positively correlated with average daily gain and acetate content in rumen fluid.Dry matter intake was negatively corre-lated with the apparent digestibility of crude protein,gross energy and acid detergent lignin.6.There was no significantly difference in slaughter performance between test group and control group 2.Muscle pH_24h,cooked meat rate and muscle fiber density in test group were significantly higher than that in control group 2（P<0.05）,while the water loss rate and muscle fiber area were significantly lower than control group 2（P<0.05）.The spleen index of test group was significantly lower than that of control group 2（P<0.05）.In summary,whole plant rice and SMS co-fermented feed can effectively im-prove the growth performance of Liuyang black goats,improve meat quality and promote rumen fermentation,without negative effects on blood index and which has the potential to be used as high-quality forage feed.