Effects Of Three Agronomic Measures On Growth Environment And Fruit Quality Of Wine Grape

The high temperature and hot summer in the northern Piedmont region of Tianshan,Xinjiang,and the unique climatic conditions make the wine grapes ripen faster,which has a negative impact on the quality of wine.The soil moisture,microclimate,fruit development and the content of effective components were greatly affected by different agronomic measures.The effect of high temperature on the growing environment of wine grape could be improved by controlling the agronomic measures,and the fruit quality could be improved.In the production practice,we found that the vineyard irrigation is lack of science,we need to develop a reasonable irrigation system.In view of this,this study used 10-year-old Sillas as the experimental object,during the growing period of grapes,using grass,shade and alternative irrigation agricultural measures,the effects of different agricultural practices on soil moisture,leaf microclimate and leaf water potential were studied.According to the soil water status and leaf water potential status,timely irrigation of the vineyard.The fruit quality of grapes with different agronomic measures was determined after grape harvest.According to the results of grape quality determination,the suitable local agronomic measures were determined.The main findings of this study are as follows:(1)The vertical distribution of soil water content was different from that of shade and alternate irrigation in the grape soil.In the soil of shade and alternate irrigation,the soil moisture in the 0 ～ 70 cm soil layer showed a “S”distribution in the vertical direction,which decreased at first and then increased and then decreased,in the vertical direction,the growth of grass increased first,then decreased and then increased.The surface soil water is consumed by transpiration,plant absorption,water infiltration and so on,the change amount is the biggest,the water change amount of 30 ～ 40 cm soil layer is next,this soil layer is the main distribution area of absorbing root,the water consumption speed is faster,the change of 50 ～ 70 cm soil water is small,grass growing,shading and alternative irrigation can reduce soil water loss to some extent,and alternative irrigation can save more than 30 % water.The water requirement of grape in swelling stage is large,so that the soil water potential of normal growth and development is about-40 KPa,and the water requirement should be controlled in flowering,fruit setting and color changing stage,and the soil water potential value should be-80 MPa before irrigation.(2)Compared with the control,the temperature of canopy decreased by 0.5 ～ 2 °C and 1 ～ 3 °C,respectively.Shading can reduce the intensity of light and temperature of canopy,and improve the microclimate of grape canopy.There is a linear relationship between leaf water potential and soil water potential,and leaf water potential has a certain lag,the leaf water potential decreased with the decrease of soil water potential.The leaf water potential was not linear with the node when the soil water was sufficient,but it was linear with the node when the soil was dry.(3)Shading and grass growing could decrease the sugar and increase the acid content of grape fruit,while alternate irrigation could increase the acid and decrease the sugar content.Shading changed the composition of anthocyanins in fruits,and increased the acetylation and coumarization of Anthocyanins,geass cover and alternate irrigation increased the total content of phenolic compounds in fruits,and all three treatments were beneficial to the formation of aroma compounds.Therefore,three different agronomic practices all have good effects on soil moisture and wine grape quality,and can be applied according to different regional vineyard needs.Among them,shading could improve the leaf microclimate and lower the leaf temperature,which was beneficial to improve the adverse effects of high temperature on wine grape in this area.The results of this study are of great significance for improving the quality of wine grapes and wine in the northern Piedmont region of Tianshan and similar high temperature and hot regions,as well as for water management of vineyards in the region.