Effects Of Different Organic Fertilizers On Soil Quality And Wine Grape Quality In Orchard

In view of the unsatisfactory soil and water conditions in poor soils,water scarcity,and grape growing in the main vineyards of wine grapes in the east of Helan Mountain in Ningxia.Using five-year-old wine grape "Cabernet" as material,applying organic fertilizer under drip irrigation,through field experiments and indoor analysis,to study the impact of organic fertilizer on the winery vineyard soil environment and the comprehensive characteristics of wine grapes,and then develop the rational fertilization system for wine grapes,which providing theoretical scientific basis for the high-yield,high-quality,and efficient cultivation of the wine grape industry in the region.The specific findings are as follows:(1)The application of organic materials can effectively improve the soil environment,reducing the soil bulk density,increasing the total porosity of the soil,improving the aeration and water retention capacity of the soil,and increasing the field water holding capacity of the soil,in which the bulk density of the T3 treatment is reduced by 2.8%,total porosity increased by 1.3%.Continuous application of organic materials can effectively increase the amount of mechanical aggregates and water-stable aggregates in the soil,and increasing the average weight diameter and the stability of soil aggregates,of which T2 treatment has the best effect of increasing water stability,the average weight diameter of the T1 treatment increased by 60.8%.Considering comprehensively,chicken manure organic fertilizer is the best in reducing bulk density,and sheep manure-based organic fertilizer has the best effect in increasing the stability of aggregates.(2)Organic fertilizer can effectively increase the soil nutrients such as organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available potassium,available phosphorus,and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,and increasing the soil fertility.The best effect is T3 treatment,followed by T5 treatment,again T2 and T1 treatment,and finally T4 treatment,T3>T5>T1?T2>T4,the cow manure organic fertilizer is the best to improve soil nutrients and soil fertility.Followed by cow manure + vinegar residue bio-organic fertilizer,again with sheep manure bio-organic fertilizer,chicken manure bio-organic fertilizer,and finally pig manure bio-organic fertilizer.(3)Soil organic fertilization can effectively improve the soil microbiological characteristics,improving the microbial structure,increasing the soil fertility level,and enhancing the ability of the soil to supply nutrients.After soil organic fertilization,the total number of bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes and microorganisms in the soil increased significantly,and the B/F value also increased significantly.The activity of enzymes in the soil also increased significantly,such as urease,sucrase,alkaline phosphatase and catalase,and the enzyme activity in the middle and lower layers was higher than that in the top layer.By establishing the correlation analysis,it was found that there was a significant correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil microbial and microbial biomass,and some of them were extremely significant.Subsidiary function method comprehensively analyzes all indexes of the soil and ranks T3>T5>T1>T2>T4>CK by factor score ranking,indicating that cow manure bio-organic fertilizer has the highest soil quality and the best comprehensive quality,followed by cow manure + the organic fertilizer of acetic acid residues,again with sheep manure bio-organic fertilizer,then chicken manure organic fertilizer,and finally pig manure organic fertilizer.(4)Soil organic fertilization can effectively improve the growth and development level of the wine grapes,improving the morphological indicators of fruits,and increasing the yield and quality of the wine grapes.After organic soil fertilization,the tree was in good nutrition status,and the number of autumn shoots and autumn shoots increased dramatically,and the SPAD value in the mature stage increased significantly;the fruit morphological indicators were improved,and the length of the ear and 100-grain weight were increased significantly;the fruit quality was improved effectively;The content of soluble sugar,reducing sugar and total phenol increased significantly;The content of titratable acid,tannin decreased significantly;and it can effectively improves the wine grape yield.A comprehensive analysis of the soil indicators was performed by the membership function method,and the ranking was T5>T3>T1>T2>T4>CK,indicating that the organic manure treatment of cow manure + acetic acid residue had the best effect on the comprehensive quality of wine grapes,followed by cow manure bio-organic fertilizer treatment,again sheep manure bio-organic fertilizer,followed by chicken manure organic fertilizer,and finally pig manure organic fertilizer.