Study On The Application Effect Of Waste Grape Branches Compound Substrate In Cultivation Of Fruit Vegetables

In order to maintain the yield and quality of grapes,vines should be pruned regularly every year.The reserves of discarded grape branches increased year by year,but the availability of discarded grape branches was low.Therefore,in this study,the compound matrix was formed by the compost treatment of grape branches and the fruit vegetables were cultivated.The optimal matrix formula suitable for the growth and development of different fruit vegetables was screened out,and the theoretical basis was provided for the recycling of waste grape branches.The grafted eggplant "Luyuan Hexin" with cucumber "Jindong 626",tomato "Yiya" and wild eggplant "Toruba" as rootstocks was used as the test material.After the waste grape branches were compostulated,the fermented grape branches,grass charcoal and perlite were mixed according to the volume percentages of 20:50:30(T1 treatment),30:40:30(T2 treatment),40:30:30(T3 treatment),50:20:30(T4 treatment)to form a complex matrix,and the commercial matrix(CK treatment)was used as the control.The physical and chemical properties,heat preservation and water retention of different compound substrates were compared and analyzed,and the growth and quality conditions of fruit vegetables in the cultivation process were studied.The best matrix formula suitable for the growth and development of different fruit vegetables and the best fruit vegetable(cucumber)suitable for the compound substrate cultivation of waste grape branches were selected,and the growth,biomass,root morphological parameters,photosynthetic characteristics,quality and yield were taken as indicators.The formula selection of cucumber cultivated with waste grape branches as main raw materials was carried out.Principal component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate all indexes of cucumber,and 10 key indexes were obtained.TOPSIS analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the measured values of 10 key indexes after normalization treatment,and the best matrix formula of cultivated cucumber was obtained.The main results are as follows:(1)The physicochemical properties and thermal insulation and water retention of different complex substrates were as follows:except for the low pH value of T1 treatment,the physicochemical properties of other complex substrates were all in the appropriate range for plant growth and development.In typical sunny days,the diurnal range of matrix temperature in T3 and CK treatment was 6.01℃ and 5.75℃,respectively.The average substrate temperature of T4 was 1.17℃ higher than that of CK on typical cloudy days.T3 and CK treatments have better insulation performance on typical sunny days,while T3,T4 and CK treatments have better insulation performance on typical cloudy days.In terms of water absorption ratio,water seepage rate and evaporation rate,the water retention of T3 and T4 treatments was significantly higher than that of other treatments.(2)The effects of different complex substrates on the growth and quality of the three fruit vegetables were as follows:the growth indexes and quality indexes of T3 and T4 treatments were excellent,and the economic benefits were relatively high.Compared with CK,the yield and investment ratio difference of cucumber and eggplant in T3 was 0.64 and 0.38.The T4 yield to investment ratio difference of tomato was 3.02.The correlation between growth and quality indexes of the three fruits and vegetables and substrate characteristics reached significant or extremely significant level,among which the correlation between growth and quality indexes of cucumber and substrate total phosphorus content was the highest,the correlation between eggplant and substrate EC value was the highest,and the correlation between tomato and substrate available nitrogen was the highest.(3)The effects of different complex substrates on cucumber growth and photosynthetic characteristics were as follows:different complex substrates had significant effects on growth,biomass,root morphological parameters,photosynthetic characteristics,quality and yield of cucumber.The results of principal component analysis and TOPSIS analysis showed that the composite matrix composed of fermented grape branches,grass char and perlite according to the volume ratio of 40:30:30(T3 treatment)had the highest comprehensive evaluation score,and had a great promotion effect on the growth and development of cucumber.In conclusion,the growth and development of cucumber and eggplant were better in the complex substrate composed of fermented grape branches:grass char:perlite according to the 40:30:30 volume ratio,while the growth and development of tomato were better in the complex substrate composed of fermented grape branches:grass char:perlite according to the 50:20:30 volume ratio.The composite matrix treated by T3 and T4 can be used as the recommended formula for the cultivation of waste grape branches,providing a new way for the reuse of vineyard waste.