Response Of Effective Components And Growth Physiological Characteristics Of Periploca Sepium Bunge In Different Habitats To Ecological Factors In Ningxia

Periploca sepium Bunge is a deciduous vine shrub of the genus Periploca in the oleander family,widely distributed in northwest China.It is an important source of traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Periplocae,and is also an excellent species for sand fixation and soil and water conservation in the loess hilly region.However,with the evolution of ecological and environmental conditions,Periploca has formed an obvious geographical distribution pattern.It is still unclear whether the differences in growth environments in different distribution areas will have an impact on the morphological characteristics and medicinal quality of Periploca.Therefore,in this study,the 5-year old Periploca sepium Bunge population from four different habitats,namely,Haizidun(Site 1),Chongxing Town,Lingwu City,Honggou(Site 2),Hongsipu Town,Hongsipu District,Xinhetan(Site 3),Yingshuiqiao Town,Shapotou District,and Dongshanlongtou(Site 4),Xingsheng Township,Jingyuan County,Ningxia Province,was selected as the research object,and its ecological factors(climate,soil,longitude and latitude,altitude,etc.),population characteristics,and effective components were measured and analyzed,To explore the response of morphological characteristics,physiological characteristics,and effective components of Periploca sepium Bunge to habitat changes.The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical basis for the rational development and utilization of the medicinal plant Periploca sepium Bunge resources in Ningxia,as well as the restoration of the regional ecological environment.It has important guiding significance for promoting the development of the sand industry in Ningxia and the selection of species for ecological restoration in the central arid zone.The main research results are as follows:(1)The content of effective components in the root bark of Periploca sepium Bunge from different habitats varies greatly.The content of 4-methoxysalicylaldehyde in the root bark of Periploca sepium Bunge from Site 2(1.22%),Site 3(0.59%),and Site 4(0.80%)sample plots all meet the pharmacopoeia standards,indicating that the quality of Periploca sepium Bunge(Cortex Periplocae)from these three ecological regions may be better.(2)Different habitat conditions have significant effects on morphological and physiological characteristics of Periploca sepium Bunge.Under limited resource habitat conditions,there are significant differences in plant height,basal diameter,leaf length,leaf width,root length,root diameter,and root weight of Periploca sepium Bunge plants to adapt to changes in habitat;During the long-term adaptation process of different natural populations of Periploca sepium Bunge to the environment,their malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzyme activity differentiated with changes in habitat.(3)The correlation between climate and altitude factors and the morphological characteristics and effective components of Periploca sepium Bunge indica showed that the morphological characteristics and effective components of Periploca sepium Bunge indica were significantly correlated with altitude,precipitation,annual temperature,humidity,sunshine hours,and evapotranspiration;This indicates that there is a strong correlation between altitude,precipitation,annual average temperature,humidity,sunshine hours,evapotranspiration,and the morphological characteristics and effective components of Periploca sepium Bunge.(4)The results showed that soil physical and chemical properties were significantly correlated with leaf length,leaf width,root length,root diameter,total flavonoids,periplocin,and 4-methoxy salicylaldehyde content of Periploca sepium Bunge,while soil physical and chemical properties were not significantly correlated with other traits,total polysaccharide,and total saponin content;There is a good correlation between soil physical and chemical properties and the properties and effective components of Periploca sepium Bunge,among which soil pH,total potassium,and available potassium have the strongest correlation with the properties and effective components of Periploca sepium Bunge.To sum up,in habitats with relatively dry water conditions and relatively poor soil,Periploca sepium Bunge can respond to habitat changes by slowing down the growth process,changing functional traits of leaves and roots,and regulating antioxidant systems.The biological characteristics and effective components of Periploca sepium Bunge are influenced by altitude,precipitation,temperature,evapotranspiration,and soil factors;There are significant differences in the biological characteristics and quality of Periploca sepium Bunge from different ecological regions,among which the medicinal materials of Periploca sepium Bunge(Cortex Periplocae)from Hongsipu region have good quality and can be used as a wild nurturing resource to establish imitation wild cultivation and medicinal material processing base for Periploca sepium Bunge.However,ecological planting bases are established in southern mountainous areas with relatively remote distribution areas,humid climate,and rich resource content,such as Jingyuan County in Guyuan.