Study On The Diversity Of Intestinal Flora Of Xinjiang Local Horse Breeds

In this study,Kazakh horses and Yanqi horses were taken as the research objects,and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the structure and function prediction of intestinal flora,so as to explore the changes in winter and summer,the changes in food composition and the effects of varieties on intestinal flora.The test results are as follows:(1)Diversity of intestinal flora in Kazakh horses in winter and summerFirstly,the intestinal alpha diversity of Kazakh horses in winter and summer was analyzed.The results showed that the richness of flora in winter group was significantly higher than that in summer group(P<0.001),and the diversity of flora was significantly higher than that in summer group(P<0.05).There were significant seasonal differences in the composition of flora between the two groups,and the difference between groups was significantly greater than that within groups.Secondly,the composition of flora between winter and summer was compared.It was found that the ratios of Firmicutes and Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes in winter group were higher than those in summer group,while Bacteroidetes and spirochetes were significantly lower than those in summer group(P<0.05).Pathogenic bacteria increased significantly in the summer group.Finally,from the functional prediction results of the sequence,it is found that the biosynthetic functional pathways of other secondary metabolites that can prevent and treat animal diseases are significantly enriched in the summer group,which is positively correlated with the increase of pathogenic bacteria in the summer group.(2)Study on intestinal flora diversity of Kazakh horses under different feeding modesThe diversity of flora in grazing group was significantly higher than that in captive group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in flora richness(P>0.05).The composition of flora between the two groups was significantly higher than that within the group.Cellulose decomposing / fermenting bacteria were the main bacteria in the intestines of horses in grazing group,and starch hydrolyzing bacteria increased significantly in captive group.This result was mediated by the changes of dietary composition under different feeding modes.The function of flora in grazing group tends to the metabolism of energy,terpenoids and polyketones,which enables horses to maintain energy balance in winter grazing environment;The horses in the captive group were at risk of intestinal disease,which was related to their intake of high starch grains.(3)Diversity analysis of intestinal flora in different breeds of horsesBy analyzing and comparing the intestinal microflora of Yanqi horse and Kazakh horse,it was found that the richness of Yanqi horse microflora(Chao1 index and Observed＿species)was significantly higher than that of Kazakh horse(P<0.001),and the Coverage rate of Kazakh horse was significantly higher than that of Yanqi horse(P<0.001),while there was no significant difference between the two varieties in community diversity index(Shannon index and Simpson index)(P>0.05).The similarity of intestinal flora structure between Yanqi horse and Kazakh horse is low,and the R value is greater than 0(R=0.760,P=0.001).There is a significant variety difference in intestinal flora composition between Yanqi horse and Kazakh horse,and the difference between groups is significantly greater than that within groups.There is a high abundance of highly disease-related [Paraprevotellaceae] in the intestines of Kazakh horses,and a bacterium(Solibacillus)only exists in the intestines of Yanqi horses was found.The functional pathways of cellular processes(cell growth and death,cell movement,transport and catabolism)and metabolism(energy metabolism)are significantly enriched in the intestines of Kazakh horses,while the functional pathways of biological systems(environmental adaptation and excretion system)in the intestines of Yanqi horses are significantly enriched.Through high-throughput sequencing analysis of fecal samples of Kazakh and Yanqi horses,this study provides a theoretical basis for the composition of intestinal flora of Xinjiang local breeds,plays an important role in studying the changes of intestinal flora of horses,and provides a preliminary basis for continuing to study how intestinal flora affects the host metabolic pathway.It provides a scientific basis for promoting intestinal health of equine animals.