| China is a large country of meat goose breeding,the stocking and slaughter of geese are among the top in the world.With the development of goose breeding industry and the expansion of breeding scale,poultry-related diseases also come.Antibiotics in the prevention and control of disease at the same time produced a variety of problems such as drug residues,bacterial resistance to enhance.Therefore,the search for safe,green and residue-free alternatives to antibiotics has become the focus of attention.Among many antibiotic alternatives,herbs such as Astragalus and Licorice are rich in polysaccharides,flavonoids,alkaloids and other active ingredients,which can be rapidly absorbed by the animal body to promote animal growth and development,thus improving economic efficiency,and are a good alternative to antibiotics.Compared with the use of herbs alone,the reasonable ratio of multiple herbs can make multiple herbal components interact with each other and play a better synergistic effect.Therefore,in this study,Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine Additive(CCHMA),which consists of Astragalus,Glycyrrhiza,Radix Codonopsis,Chen Pi,Angelica,Atractylodes,and Atractylodes,was mixed in the ratio of 6:6:4:3:3:1:1.It was added to the diets of Zi goose to investigate its effects on growth performance,slaughter performance,intestinal morphology and intestinal flora.Firstly,360 Zi geese(half male and half female)with similar body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates of 30 birds each.0 g/kg(control group),2 g/kg,3 g/kg and 4 g/kg the material in the treasure CCHMA were added to the basal diet for 70 d.The results showed that the final body weight,average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of Zi goose in the 2 g/kg CCHMA and 4g/kg CCHMA groups were higher than those in the control group,but the differences were not significant(P>0.05);the final body weight,average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of Zi goose in the 3 g/kg CCHMA group were higher than those in the 2 g/kg CCHMA and 4 g/kg CCHMA groups,but the differences were not significant(P>0.05).The final body weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of Zi goose in the 3 g/kg CCHMA group were higher than those in the 2 g/kg CCHMA group and the 4 g/kg CCHMA group,but the differences were not significant(P>0.05).Therefore,the suitable amount of CCHMA was finally determined to be 3 g/kg.On the basis of the above experimental results,78 Zi geese of similar weight at 1day of age were randomly divided into 2 groups of 3 replicates each,with 13 birds in each replicate.The control group was fed the basal diet and the experimental group was fed 3 g/kg the material in the treasure CCHMA in the basal diet for 70 d.The results showed that: 1.The final body weight and average daily weight gain of the test group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);the feed/gain was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);2.The dressed yield of the test group was significantly higher compared with that of the control group(P<0.01),but there were no significant differences in other slaughter indicators between the two groups(P>0.05);3.The glutathione transaminase content and glutathione transaminase content of the test group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);4.The ileal villus height in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.001);the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01);the crypt depth was lower than that in the control group,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05);5.High-throughput sequencing of the cecum contents of Zi goose revealed that,at the phylum level,the abundance of Bacteroidota in the test group was highly significant lower than that in the control group(P<0.01);the abundance of Euryarchaeota was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);the abundance of Actinobacteriota was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);at the genus level,the abundance of Faecalibacterium and CHKCI001 in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);the ratio or relative abundance of some groups in the test group was significantly higher compared with the control group,including Firmicutes/Bacteroidota,CHKCI001,Faecalibacterium,Colidextribacte,Romboutsia and Subdoligranulum;the relative abundance of Bacteroidota,Euryarchaeota and Methanobrevibacter was significantly lower.The results of the study showed that,this study found that the addition of 3 g/kg the material in the treasure to Zi goose diet significantly improved the growth performance and slaughter performance of Zi goose,regulated the serum biochemical indexes,while improving the ileal intestinal morphology and promoted the increase of beneficial bacterial flora abundance in the cecum of Zi goose.This provided a theoretical basis for antimicrobial-free breeding and contributed to the green and healthy development of the goose breeding industry. |
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