Performance Of Four Peach Varieties In Anyang Area And Comparison Of Fruit Quality With Different Tree Architecture

Peach is one of the most important fruits in China and is very popular among consumers.Peach cultivation area and production in Henan Province ranks second in the country in terms of peach cultivation area and production,and the peach industry plays an important role in the adjustment of rural industrial structure and farmers income.In recent years,China has made remarkable achievements in peach breeding,and different varieties have different planting areas;in addition,the cultivation pattern,especially pruning tree shape,has a greater impact on fruit yield and quality.Based on this,this study was conducted to investigate the adaptability of four new peach varieties in Anyang.on the one hand,and to analyze the effects of two types of shaping method,Y-shape and trunk shape,on fruit quality and yield of’Zhongtao No.5’.The main research results are as follows:1.Analysis of biological characteristics of 4 peach varieties in Anyang area.The four peach varieties ’Jinshuo Nectarine’,’Chunmei’,’Zhongtao No.5’ and ’Yingshuanghong’ can grow and develop normally in Anyang area,and there is no phenomenon of leaf buds not expanding or less expanding,with good flower bud differentiation and excellent flowering ability,and all varieties can bear fruits normally.All four peach varieties can bear fruit on their own,and all of them have good growth potential,good branch sprouting force and branching force,and the four peach varieties are productive and can meet production needs and adapt well in Anyang area.2.Phenological investigation and analysis of 4 peach varieties in Anyang area.The four species were recorded separately for the observation of the phenological stage.The leaf bud expansion of ’Jinshuo Nectarine’,’Chunmei’ and ’Zhongtao No.5’ was similar,all on March 3,while’Yingshuanghong’ was 4 days later than the other three varieties.The flowering period of’Chunmei’ and ’Zhongtao No.5’ was the earliest,on March 26,while ’Yingshuanghong’ was the latest,on March 26.End flowering all around early April.The early-ripening varieties ’Jinshuo Nectarine’ and ’Chunmei’ had about 79 and 81 d from bloom to fruit ripening,the mediumripening variety ’Zhongtao No.5’ had about 117 d from bloom to fruit ripening,and the lateripening variety ’Yingshuanghong’ had 201 d from bloom to fruit ripening.All varieties drop their leaves in mid-November.3.Comparative analysis of the main economic traits of four peach varieties.The fruit weight of the four peach varieties ranged from 178 to 246 g.The largest fruit weight was 246 g for’Zhongtao No.5’ and the smallest was 178 g for ’Chunmei’.The soluble solids of the four varieties exceeded 10%.The soluble solids of all four peach varieties exceeded 10%,the highest soluble solids being 17%for ’Yingshuanghong’ and the lowest soluble solids being 10.5%for’Jinshuo Nectarine’.In terms of yield,’Zhongtao No.5’ was the most productive,with an average yield of 2385.2 kg per mu for two consecutive years,while the lowest was ’Yingshuanghong’with an average yield of 1705.2 kg per mu for two consecutive years.4 Survey and analysis of the main pests and diseases of 4 peach varieties.Early-ripening varieties ’Jinshuo Nectarine’ and ’Chunmei’ pay attention to peach aphid control in early spring;’Zhongtao No.5’ is a medium-ripening variety,and the main pests and diseases found in the current planting process are peach aphid,red spider and peach small pest.The main damage is caused by peach aphid,red spider,peach heartworm and bacterial perforation disease,etc.;’Yingshuanghong’ is a very late variety of peach,and the main damage is caused by peach aphid,red spider,peach psyllid and bacterial perforation disease,etc.5.Comparison of fruit quality between Y-shaped and trunk-shaped trees of ’Zhongtao No.5’.The fruit yield was slightly higher in Y-shape than in trunk-shape,the difference in fruit weight per fruit was not significant.For the same tree shape,the fruit weight per fruit is significantly lower for the single plant with high fruiting volume than for the single plant with low fruiting volume.There were no significant differences in longitudinal and transverse longitudes and fruit hardness between the two tree shapes.The fruit coloring of Y-shaped peaches is better than that of the trunk-shaped peaches.The differences in soluble solids between Y-shaped and main stem-shaped fruits were small,mostly concentrated in 9-11.The two tree types were divided into upper,middle and lower layers,and it was found that the single fruit weight of the upper and lower layers of Y-shaped peach trees was higher than that of the trunk-shaped.The fruit soluble solids content of the upper,middle and lower layers of Y-shaped fruit trees were all higher than that of the main stem,while the titratable acid was all lower than that of the main stem,and the solid to acid ratio of the fruit was calculated and found to be higher in the Y-shaped than trunkshaped.Especially in the upper fruit layer,the Y-shaped solid-acid ratio was as high as 15.1,while the trunk-shaped was only 11.4.The above results showed that the fruit quality of Yshaped peach trees is better than that of trunk-shaped peach trees in terms of single fruit weight,soluble solids content and fruit shape.Therefore,it is recommended that Y-shaped trees can be used in production to obtain high quality peach fruit.