Innovation And Application Of Green And Efficient Water Soluble Fertilizer For Typical Vegetables In Southwest China

Southwest China is an important vegetable cultivation advantageous production area in China,however,the intensive vegetable production in the region fertilizer application is large,while the regional characteristics of high temperature and rainfall lead to large fertilizer losses,low fertilizer utilization rate,low yield,poor quality and other outstanding problems,restricting the green production of vegetables in the region.Drip irrigation fertilization is an important measure to increase yield and improve quality and reduce nutrient losses,however,the effect of drip irrigation fertilization on vegetable systems in China needs to be further investigated.Therefore,a meta-analysis was conducted to analyze 233 sets of data from 46 articles to quantify the comprehensive effects of drip irrigation on yield,water and fertilizer use efficiency,and quality（VC content,soluble solids,sugar content）of vegetable systems in China.On this base,a typical vegetable system in southwest China was used as the research object to create a green and efficient water soluble fertilizer with optimized nutrient formulation,added nitrification inhibitor and Mg as a trace element through regional soil characteristics and crop nutrient demand pattern,to conduct pot trials and field trials,and to set up a comparison between green and efficient water soluble fertilizer products and conventional fertilizer application to verify its comprehensive effect on the agronomic effect of typical vegetables,with a view to realizing green and efficient sustainable vegetable production in southwest China.The main research results are as follows:（1）Based on data integration analysis,the results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,drip irrigation fertilization was able to improve vegetable yield by 8.0%,vegetable N fertilizer utilization rate by 48.9%,and vegetable water use efficiency by 50.6%.Meanwhile,drip irrigation fertilization significantly improved vegetable quality,with VC content,soluble solids and sugar content increasing by 27.2%,1.9%and 9.9%,respectively.For different field management measures,drip irrigation fertilization had the most significant effect on vegetable N fertilizer efficiency（55.8%）and water efficiency（54.5%）when applied at 200-400 kg·hm^-2,and also increased vegetable yield by 6.8%and VC content by 38.6%;When irrigation volume was200-400 mm,drip irrigation fertilization had a higher effect on vegetable yield（10.4%）,NUE（76.4%）and water use efficiency（54.5%）than other irrigation levels,and increased VC content（20.6%）and sugar content（9.5%）;under the conditions of facility cultivation,eggplant and melon vegetables,drip irrigation fertilization was more effective in improving vegetable system yield,water and N fertilizer utilization,and quality.（2）The green and efficient water-soluble fertilizer product with nutrient distribution ratio was created with the addition of efficiency-enhancing substances and trace elements using pepper in southwest China as the research object,and the results of potting tests showed that compared with Conventional water soluble fertilizer treatment（CON）,the green efficient water soluble fertilizer treatment could improve 26.0%yield,37.0%,43.7%and 44.0%accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,11.7%nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and 5.35%Phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency;meanwhile,green high efficiency water soluble fertilizer increased the VC content of pepper by 24.2%and reduced the nitrate content by 46.8%.Compared with the domestic and foreign benchmark water soluble fertilizer products,the green high-efficiency water soluble fertilizer was able to improve 12.2%-20.8%yield,increase12.3-29.3 kg N ha^-1N accumulation and improve 1.02%-2.44%N fertilizer utilization,improve4.69%-18.0%VC content and 6.69%-11.8%soluble solids,and reduce 7.92%-30.0%nitrate.30.0%of nitrate;there was no significant difference on soil nutrient content except for the increase of soil ammonium N content.（3）Based on the results of field trials showing that green and efficient water soluble fertilizer reduced fertilizer use by 54.7%,increased yield by 9.26%and increased nitrogen nutrient accumulation by 3.66%compared to farmers’practice;In terms of fertilizer efficiency,compared with the farmers’practice treatment,the green and efficient water soluble fertilizer treatment increased 13.4%of nitrogen fertilizer utilization,4.7%of phosphorus fertilizer utilization and9.4%of potassium fertilizer utilization;increased 147%of nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization,272%of phosphorus fertilizer agronomic utilization and 136%of potassium fertilizer agronomic utilization;increased 119%of nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity,230%of phosphorus fertilizer bias productivity and 110%of potassium fertilizer bias productivity.Meanwhile,the green and efficient water soluble fertilizer treatment increased the net economic benefit by 16.9%compared to the farmers’practice.In conclusion,drip irrigation fertilization has a significant effect on improving vegetable yield,water and nitrogen utilization efficiency and quality,and green and efficient water soluble fertilizer products based on drip irrigation fertilization can improve pepper yield,increase plant nutrient accumulation,improve fertilizer utilization and pepper quality based on reduced fertilizer,as well as improve its economic efficiency,which is important for achieving green and sustainable vegetable production in southwest China.