Optimization Study On Moderate Scale And Efficient Breeding Mode Of Beef Cattle In Xihaigu Area Of Ningxia

Xihaigu region is located in the south of Ningxia Autonomous Region,with Yuanzhou District,Xiji County,Longde County,Jingyuan County,Pengyang County,Yanchi County,Tongxin County,Haiyuan County eight poor counties.Where traditional beef cattle breeding has became the leading industry supported by the local government to increase the income of local farmers and drive a rural revitalization in recent years.The number of beef cattle breeding and cattle breeding has been increased of local farmers with the industry projects and the measures of governments.Furthermore,the product quality has also been improved to different degrees.Large-scale beef cattle breeding has increasingly become the main trend of the development of beef cattle industry in Xihaigu region of Ningxia.However,whether it is better to raise beef cattle on a larger scale is still elusive.In view of the above problems,appropriate scale and efficient breeding methods of beef cattle should be explored in the process of large-scale beef cattle breeding.In this study,beef cattle farmers in Xihaigu area were selected as the research objects.Firstly,the yearbook data and 352 questionnaire survey data of beef cattle farmers were used for descriptive analysis of the current situation of beef cattle breeding in the area.Then the C-D production function and objective function research methods were used to measure the compensation of local beef cattle farmers for scale breeding in order to obtain and the results of appropriate beef cattle breeding scale.Economic benefits of different beef cattle breeding and operation modes were analysis by cost-benefit method to find large-scale beef cattle breeding operation mode with the highest economic benefits.Finally,Logistic mathematical regression model,model test and result analysis were used to obtain the factors that had significant influence on the moderate scale and efficient breeding of beef cattle farmers in Xihaigu region.This study provides a theoretical basis for the moderate scale and efficient breeding of beef cattle in Xihaigu area of Ningxia,promotes the moderate scale development of beef cattle farmers,improves the economic benefits of beef cattle breeding,and helps rural revitalization.The main research results are as follows:(1)The survey results of the basic information of beef cattle farmers in Xihaigu area of Ningxia show that the average age of the main operators of beef cattle breeding in 2021 is50.5 years old,and the proportion of farmers above the average age in the total sample is51.14%;The proportion of farmers with education level in primary school or below was77.56% of the total sample.The proportion of small-scale beef cattle farmers with a breeding scale of 1-19 head in the total sample was 74.72%;Among the beef cattle breeds,Simmental accounted for 61.65% of the total sample,Angus and local cattle accounted for25.28% and 11.36% respectively.(2)Using the objective function to calculate the breeding input under the maximization of breeding profits,combined with the survey data,the results show that the moderate breeding scale of beef cattle farmers in Xihaigu area of Ningxia is 52～70 heads,Yuanzhou District is suitable for 57～67 heads,Xiji County is suitable for 63～70 heads,Pengyang County is suitable for 65～70 heads,and Haiyuan County is suitable for 52～56 heads.(3)The survey results of the input and output of beef cattle farmers in Xihaigu area of Ningxia show that in 2021,the breeding profit of beef cattle farmers under the breeding cow breeding operation mode was 5358.4 yuan/head,the profit margin was 48.5%,and the cost profit margin was 94.0%.(4)The binary logistic regression model analyzed the education level,labor input,whether to participate in cooperative organizations,breeding years,whether to participate in training,loan difficulty and enjoy government policies of farmers with a significant positive impact on the moderate scale breeding of beef cattle farmers in Xihaigu area of Ningxia.The analysis of multiple logistic regression model shows that the cultivated land planting area,piglet source,technical training,and insurance policy subsidies of farmers have a significant positive impact on the economic benefits of beef cattle farmers.In summary,it is concluded that:(1)the main operators of beef cattle farmers in Xihaigu area of Ningxia show an aging trend,the education level is generally low,the breeding scale is mostly small-scale,and the breeding varieties are mainly Simmental,Angus and local cattle;(2)From the perspective of maximizing breeding profits from the perspective of farmers,the moderate scale breeding of beef cattle farmers in Xihaigu area of Ningxia is medium-scale,and farmers should be gradually guided to breed on a moderate scale to improve economic benefits;(3)In 2021,under the breeding cow breeding business model of farmers in Xihaigu area of Ningxia,beef cattle farmers will pay a small price to achieve the same beef cattle breeding profits,and the economic benefits of beef cattle breeding will be the largest,and the breeding business model can be promoted locally;(4)From the perspective of the development of beef cattle industry,there are many influencing factors in the process of moderate scale and efficient breeding and development of beef cattle farmers.While paying attention to how to promote the development of moderate-scale and efficient aquaculture,many influencing factors should be taken into account.