| China’s food consumption structure has been transformed and upgraded,people’s demand for meat,eggs and dairy products increased,this consumption upgrade trend to the feed industry has brought unprecedented development opportunities.At present,forage feed production in China is facing problems such as insufficient production supply and insufficient technical support for raising livestock with high quality forage.In this experiment,we investigated the effects of planting density and nitrogen application level on the yield,agronomic traits and quality of Tunyu 168 silage maize through field experiments,and explored the appropriate nitrogen application level and planting density for high-yielding and high-quality production of Tunyu 168 silage maize in Ningxia region;then selected the best cultivation technology to obtain silage maize mixed with alfalfa,and clarified the appropriate mixed silage ratio to improve the quality of silage maize feed The main results are as follows.The main research results are as follows:1、Reasonable planting density and nitrogen application level significantly affected the agronomic traits of Tunyu 168 silage maize(P < 0.05).When planting density was 75,000 plants /ha and nitrogen application level was 275 kg/ha and 325 kg/ha,the agronomic traits of Tunyu 168 silage maize showed good performance.2 、 Reasonable planting density and nitrogen application level can significantly improve the fresh matter yield,dry matter yield and crude protein content of Tunyu 168 silage maize,and reduce the neutral detergent fiber content and acid detergent content.Comprehensive analysis showed that under the experimental conditions of planting density of 75,000 plants /ha and nitrogen application level of 275 kg/ha,Tunyu 168 silage maize had the maximum fresh matter yield,dry matter yield,crude protein content,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content,and reached the minimum.They were93.07 t/ha,29.51 t/ha,10.3%,34.69% and 31.23%,respectively.3、Silage corn mixed with alfalfa improves palatability,sensory quality,nutritional value,and fermentation quality of silage corn alone and alfalfa alone.Silage corn mixed with alfalfa improved palatability and sensory quality compared with single silage.z2(8:2for corn silage: alfalfa),z3(6:4 for corn silage: alfalfa),z4(5:5 for corn silage: alfalfa),z6(2:8 for corn silage: alfalfa)all reached the excellent grade of silage sensory evaluation.z3 group silage,odor without butyric acid odor with aromatic smell,poorly maintained stalk and leaf structure,and brown color of silage,had the highest overall rating.In conclusion,silage had the best sensory evaluation when the silage corn: alfalfa was 6:4.4、In this experiment,the contents of dry matter and crude protein in mixed silage group were higher than those in Z1 group(silage corn single storage group)and Z7 group(alfalfa single storage group),respectively.The dry matter content under Z2 and Z3 treatments was higher,which were 30.19% and 29.43%,and the crude protein content under Z6 treatment was the highest,which was 19.51%DM.The soluble carbohydrate content in mixed silage group was higher than that in Z7(alfalfa single silage)group,and the contents of Z2 and Z3 were higher,which were 20.28%DM and 17.8%DM,respectively.The contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in mixed silage group were lower than those in Z1 and Z7 groups,and reached the lowest in Z3 group.The relative feeding value score of group Z3 was the highest(155.6).In conclusion,when the silage maize: alfalfa is 6:4 and 8:2,the silage can guarantee high nutritional value and good relative feeding value.5、Mixed silage is beneficial to reduce p H and the percentage of ammonia nitrogen in total nitrogen during fermentation,and increase the content of lactic acid.In this experiment,Z2 and Z3 mixed silage groups had lower p H,the percentage of ammonia nitrogen in total nitrogen,and higher lactic acid content,which were 3.97 and 4.16,respectively.6.49%,8.84%;69.73%TA(Percentage of lactic acid to total acid),67.21%TA,that is,when the mixing ratio of silage corn and alfalfa was 8:2 or 6:4,the silage could guarantee the good fermentation quality.6、In this experiment,gas production in vitro of mixed silage group was higher than that of alfalfa single silage group,Z2 group(silage corn: alfalfa 8:2)and Z3 group(silage corn: alfalfa 6: 4)In vitro gas production was the highest(47.56 m L and 44.75 m L,respectively),that is,the contents of carbohydrate and crude protein in Z2 and Z3 groups were high,which indicated that mixed silage was beneficial to improve the fermentation quality of silage and to rumen fermentation gas production.In conclusion,the effects of comprehensive planting density and different nitrogen fertilizer levels on yield,agronomic characters and quality of silage maize were concluded.The cultivation techniques of high yield and high quality of silage maize variety Tunyu 168 in Longde County and surrounding areas of Ningxia were as follows: nitrogen application level of 275 kg/ha and planting density of 75,000 plants /ha.When the silage corn and alfalfa were mixed at the mixing ratio of 6:4,the sensory quality,nutritional quality and fermentation quality were the best,the nutritional value was high,and the feed quality was the best.The results can provide data support and technical guidance for high yield and high quality silage production from maize cultivation to silage. |
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