| This study aimed to investigate the effects of Magnolia officinalis compound Pulsatilla and Magnolia officinalis compound Pingwei powder on production performance,slaughter performance,muscle quality,immune organ development,and intestinal development of AA+broilers.Randomly selected healthy 1-day-old AA+ broilers(n=1110)were used in this single-factor designed experiment and were randomly divided into 10 groups with 3 replicates per group and 37 broilers per replicate.The control group(CK)was fed with basic daily feed,while the antibiotic control group(CKK)was fed with basic daily feed with 0.2‰ aureomycin.The four experimental groups were fed with 1‰(B1 group),3‰(B2 group),5‰(B3 group),and 7‰(B4 group)of Magnolia officinalis compound Pulsatilla,while the other four experimental groups were fed with 1‰(P1 group),2‰(P2 group),3‰(P3 group),and 4‰(P4group)of Magnolia officinalis compound Pingwei powder.The experimental period was 42 days,and the experimental results are as follows:Experiment 1: Effects of Magnolia officinalis compound herbal additives on growth traits.The results showed that compared with the B1 group,the B2 group had significantly higher final weight and average daily weight,with increases of 4.23% and 4.34%,respectively,with extremely significant differences(P < 0.01).However,there were no significant differences in final weight and average daily weight Additionally,there were no significant differences in average daily weight between the B2 group and the B3 and B4 groups,with increases of 1.24%and 1.34%,respectively(P > 0.05).Compared with the CK group,the final weight and average daily weight gain of the B2 group increased by 6.20% and 6.32%,respectively,with significant differences(P < 0.05);however,there were no significant differences in feed consumption ratio,which decreased by 2.55%(P > 0.05).Body slant length,breast width,breast depth,and keel bone length were significantly different among groups(P < 0.01).Compared with the CKK group,the final weight of the B2 group increased by 1.67%,with significant differences(P <0.05),while no significant differences were found in average daily weight gain and feed consumption ratio,which increased by 2.43% and decreased by 1.92%,respectively(P > 0.05).Body slant length and breast width were significantly different between groups(P < 0.05),whereas there were no significant differences in breast depth and tibial length(P > 0.05).These results indicate that in the four Magnolia officinalis compound Pulsatilla additive trial groups,the B2 group had better growth and developmental efficiency,with increased average daily weight gain and final weight,decreased mortality rate and feed consumption ratio.The results stated that compared with the P1 group,the P3 group had significantly higher final weight and average daily weight gain,with increases of 3.90% and 3.96%,respectively,with extremely significant differences(P < 0.01).However,there were no significant differences in final weight between the P3 group and the P2 and P4 groups,with increases of 2.31% and2.00%,respectively(P > 0.05).In addition,there were no significant differences in final weight between the P3 group and the P1,P2,and P4 groups,with decreases of 2.56%,1.30%,and2.56%,respectively(P > 0.05).Compared with the CK group,the final weight and average daily weight gain of the P3 group increased by 7.53% and 7.67%,respectively,with extremely significant differences(P < 0.01);however,there were no significant differences in feed consumption ratio,which decreased by 3.18%(P > 0.05).Body slant length,breast width,breast depth,and keel bone length were significantly different among groups(P < 0.01).Compared with the CKK group,the final weight and average daily weight gain of the P3 group increased by 2.94% and 3.74%,respectively,with significant differences(P < 0.05),while no significant differences were found in the feed consumption ratio,which decreased by 2.56%(P > 0.05).Body slant length and keel bone length increased significantly by 1.86% and 4.11%,respectively(P < 0.05),These result indicate that in the four Magnolia officinalis compound Pingwei powder trial groups,the P3 group had better growth and developmental efficiency in broiler broilers,with increased average daily weight gain,decreased feed consumption ratio,and mortality rate.Therefore,the B2 group and the P3 group were selected to continue the subsequent slaughter performance,meat quality,intestinal morphology,and immune organ determination experiments.Experiment 2: Effects of Magnolia officinalis compound herbal additives on slaughter performance and meat quality.The B2 group and CKK group showed significant differences in slaughter rate,half evisceration rate,whole evisceration rate,breast muscle weight,breast muscle shear force,brightness(L*),and yellowness(b*)(P < 0.05),while no significant differences were found in leg muscle rate and wing muscle rate(P > 0.05).Compared with the CK group,the B2 group showed significant differences in live weight,whole evisceration weight,wing weight,breast muscle weight,and leg muscle weight(P < 0.05),and significant differences in slaughter rate,half evisceration rate,whole evisceration rate,breast muscle rate,leg muscle rate abdominal fat rate shear force,brightness(L*),and yellowness(b*)(P < 0.05).Additionally,the P3 group showed significant differences in slaughter rate,half evisceration rate,breast muscle rate,and breast muscle brightness(L*)compared with the CK group(P < 0.05),while breast muscle shear force showed significant difference(P < 0.05).Compared with the CKK group,the P3 group showed significant differences in slaughter rate,half evisceration rate,breast muscle rate,leg muscle shear force,and brightness(L*)(P < 0.05).Experiment 3: Effects of Magnolia officinalis compound herbal additives on intestinal morphology and immune organsThe B2 group and CK group showed extremely significant differences in duodenal villus length,duodenal villus-to-crypt ratio,jejunal villus-to-crypt ratio,ileal villus length,and ileal villus-to-crypt ratio(P < 0.01),while the depth of ileal crypt decreased by 4.36%,with significant differences(P < 0.05).The spleen index showed extremely significant differences(P< 0.01),while the bursa of Fabricius index and thymus index showed significant differences(P< 0.05).Compared with the CKK group,the B2 group showed significant differences in duodenal villus-to-crypt ratio,and ileal villus length(P < 0.05),and extremely significant differences in jejunal villus-to-crypt ratio,ileal villus-to-crypt ratio,and ileal villus length(P <0.01),while the spleen index and thymus index showed significant differences(P < 0.05).The P3 group showed extremely significant differences in duodenal villus length,duodenal villus-to-crypt ratio,ileal villus length,and ileal villus-to-crypt ratio compared with the CK group(P < 0.01),while the length and ratio of jejunal villus and crypt showed significant differences(P < 0.05),and the depth of ileal crypt showed no significant difference(P > 0.05).The spleen index showed extremely significant differences(P < 0.01),while the bursal of Fabricius index and thymus index showed significant differences(P < 0.05).Compared with the CKK group,the P3 group showed significant differences in duodenal villus length,duodenal villus-to-crypt ratio,ileal villus length,and ileal villus-to-crypt ratio(P < 0.05),and extremely significant differences in jejunal villus-to-crypt ratio and ileal villus-to-crypt ratio(P < 0.01),while the depth of ileal crypt showed no significant difference(P > 0.05).The spleen index showed significant differences(P < 0.05),while the bursa of Fabricius index and thymus index showed no significant difference(P > 0.05).Experiment 4: Effects of Magnolia officinalis compound herbal additives on economic benefits.The B2 group of broilers had higher income than the CK group and CKK group,with an increase of 1.72 RMB/broiler and 0.48 RMB/broiler respectively,which were increases of6.20% and 1.66%.The profit of the B2 group was also higher than that of the CK group and CKK group,with an increase of 0.71 RMB/broiler and 0.6 RMB/broiler,respectively.The P3 group of broilers also had higher income than the CK group and CKK group,with an increase of 2.09 RMB/broiler and 0.85 RMB/broiler respectively,which were increases of7.53% and 2.93%.The profit of the P3 group was also higher than that of the CK group and CKK group,with an increase of 0.75 RMB/broiler and 0.64 RMB/broiler,respectively.According to the experimental results,Magnolia officinalis compound herbal additives can significantly improve growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality,and intestinal villus length in broilers,as well as increase economic benefits.These herbal additives can replace antibiotics in poultry production,and have antibiotic-like effects in broilers. |
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