Comprehensive Characteristics Evaluation Of 19 Apple Hybrid Superior Lines

Apple(Malus domestica Borkh.)is the largest deciduous fruit tree cultivated in northern China.It is not only a bulk fruit product to ensure the normal supply of China’s fresh fruit market throughout the year,but also an important tool for farmers to get rid of poverty and promote rural revitalization.Most of China’s apple cultivation and production is distributed in the dominant production areas on the Loess Plateau and around the Bohai Bay.But apple cultivars are single and lack diversified varieties.Most of the production is dominated by ’Fuji’,and the variety structure is seriously unreasonable;At the same time,the limitations of ’Fuji’production,the difficulty of flowering,drought resistance,the serious phenomenon of small and large years,the fruit is not bagged poor coloring and other problems are becoming increasingly prominent.Fruit farmers prefer better varieties that are easier to manage,more adaptable,and better palatability.Consumers prefer varieties that are dedicated,well-shaped,rich in variety,good in taste,rich in aroma,bright in color,and crisp and juicy in flesh.In order to meet the market demand,more new varieties of apples with high quality and characteristics need to be cultivated.Therefore,the independent cultivation of excellent varieties has become the core element to promote the development of China’s apple industry.Apple selection and breeding technology is the most basic and critical link in the development of the apple industry.It is urgent to speed up the process of independent selection and breeding of apples in China.In this experiment,19 superior lines selected from crosses between ’Nagafu No.2’,Malus prunifolia,’Cameo’,’Honeycrisp’ and ’Roberts Crab’ as parents were used as test materials,and the superior lines were comprehensively evaluated in terms of phenological period,major botanical traits and fruit quality.The main results are as follows:1.The superior lines ’S 16-112’,’W 10-35’,’E 64-112’,’E 64-61’,’W 35-111’,and ’E 43-34’ matured in late August;’L19-4’ matured in early September;’L2-19’ matured in midSeptember;’L2-1’,’W 32-103’,’W 11-1’,’E 64-92’,’E 14-112’,’N 12-150’,’L7-77’,’L2-15’,and’W 98-110’ matured in late September,belonging to mid-maturing superior lines;’E 69-14’matured in early October and is a medium to late maturing superior line;’E 24-47’ matured in mid-October and is a late maturing superior line.2.According to the color of the peel,the fruits can be divided into yellow-green and red.Among them,there are three yellow-green fruit superior lines,namely ’S 16-112’,’E 64-92’and ’E 69-14’;The remaining 16 superior lines are red-fruited;According to the color of the flesh can be divided into red and white flesh system;Among them,there are four red flesh superior lines,namely ’L2-1’,’L2-15’,’L2-19’ and ’L7-77’;The remaining 15 superior lines are all white flesh.Yellow-green fruits and red-fleshed fruits can be cultivated as superior lines of characteristic fruits.3.’S 16-112’,’W 11-1’,’N 12-150’,’E 69-14’,’E 14-112’,’E 64-112’,and ’W 32-103’ have bright,clean and smooth fruits with uniform coloring and excellent botanical characteristics,which can be lightly simplified without bagging cultivation.4.’S 16-112’,’W 11-1’,’N 12-150’,’E 64-92’,’E 69-14’,’E 64-112’,’E 64-61’,and ’E 24-47’ are rich in juice,delicate and crispy taste,moderate acidity and sweetness,good palatability,and strong aroma,suitable for fresh food promotion.5.The single fruit weights of ’W 64-92’,’W 64-61’,’W 64-112’,and ’W 24-47’ all exceed400 g,belonging to super large fruits;’S 16-112’,The single fruit weights of ’W 10-35’,and’L19-4’ all less than 150 g,belonging to small to medium-sized fruits;These are suitable for use as specialty fruits.6.Comprehensively,’S 16-112’,’W 11-1’,’E 64-92’,’E 69-14’,’E 64-112’,and ’E 24-47’combined showed excellent performance;After strengthening field management,’L2-1’,’L2-19’,’N 12-150’,’E 14-112’,and ’E 64-61’ also have good prospects for development.